اثر روش‌های مختلف مدیریت علف‌های هرز بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد بالنگوی شهری(Lallemantia iberica Fischer & C.A. Meyer)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: این پژوهش باهدف بررسی تأثیر روش­های مختلف مدیریتی مانند مالچ کاه و کلش گندم، گیاهان پوششی عدس، گاودانه، جو و ماشک گل خوشه­ای و علفکش تریفلورالین بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد گیاه بالنگوی­شهری اجرا شده است.
 
مواد و روش­ها: این آزمایش به­صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز واقع در هشت ‌کیلومتری شرق تبریز (اراضی کرکج) اجرا شد. در این مطالعه تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح علفکش (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد علفکش تریفلورالین) و تیمارهای کشت خالص بالنگوی­شهری آلوده و عاری از علف­هرز و کشت به­همراه استفاده از مالچ و گیاهان پوششی (کشت خالص بالنگوی­شهری آلوده به علف­های­هرز، کشت خالص بالنگوی­شهری عاری از علف­های­هرز، بالنگوی­شهری + مالچ کاه و کلش گندم (سه تن در هکتار)، بالنگوی­شهری + عدس، بالنگوی­شهری + گاودانه، بالنگوی­شهری + جو، بالنگوی­شهری + ماشک گل خوشه­ای) بود.
 
یافته­ها: آلودگی به علف‌های­هرز سبب کاهش درصد پوشش سبز، شاخص کلروفیل برگ، قطر شاخه اصلی و تعداد شاخه فرعی بارور بالنگوی­شهری شد. بااین ‌حال، ارتفاع شاخه اصلی و­ فرعی از سطح خاک بالنگوی­شهری در تیمارهای آلوده به علف­های­هرز به­طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین مقدار درصد پوشش سبز (33/87 درصد) در تیمار وجین علف­های­هرز به­دست آمد. بالاترین مقدار عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح (9/195 گرم در مترمربع)، قطر شاخه اصلی (833/2 میلی­متر) و تعداد شاخه فرعی بارور (167/3) در تیمار وجین کامل علف­های­هرز به­دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار ارتفاع شاخه اصلی و فرعی در تیمار بالنگوی­شهری + گاودانه به­دست آمد. بالاترین میزان شاخص کلروفیل در تیمار بالنگوی­شهری + ماشک گل خوشه­ای (28) به­دست آمد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که می‌توان با استفاده از مالچ و گیاهان پوششی در مدیریت علف‌های­هرز، استفاده از سموم شیمیایی را کاهش داد و از اثرات سوء آن­ها بر روی محصولات زراعی و محیط‌ زیست که از پایه‌های اساسی سلامتی بشر هستند، تا حد قابل‌توجهی جلوگیری نمود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different Weed Management Methods on the Growth Characteristics and Yeild of the Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica Fischer & C.A. Meyer)

نویسندگان [English]

  • jalil Shafagh 1
  • Safar Nasrollahzadeh 1
  • Roya Mokhtarian 2
  • Mina Amani 3
1
2 Graduated from Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of different management methods such as mulch, cover plants and trifluralin herbicide on the growth characteristics and yeild of the Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica Fischer & C.A. Meyer).
 
Materials & Methods: This experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design in three replications in 2014-2015 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of University of Tabriz, located eight kilometers east of Tabriz (Karkaj). In this study, the test treatments include two levels of herbicides (use and non-use of trifluralin) and treatments of pure cultivation of infected and weed-free Dragon's head and cultivation along with the use of mulch and cover plants (pure cultivation of Dragon's head weed-infested, pure cultivation of Dragon's head without weeds, Dragon's head + Straw and stubble mulch of wheat (three tons per hectare), Dragon's head + Lens culinaris, Dragon's head + Vicia ervilia, Dragon's head + Hordeum vulgare, Dragon's head + Vicia villosa.
 
Results: Weed infestation decreased the percentage of green cover, leaf chlorophyll index, diameter of the main branch and number of fertile sub-branches of the Dragon's head. However, the height of the main and secondary branches increased significantly from the soil surface of the Dragon's head in the weed-infested treatments. The results showed that the highest percentage of green cover (87.33%) was obtained in the weeding treatment. The highest value of seed yield per unit area (195.9 g/m2), diameter of main branch (2.833 mm) and number of fertile sub-branches (3.167) were obtained in complete weeding treatment. The highest value of the main and secondary branch height was obtained in the treatment of Dragon's head + V. ervilia. The highest amount of chlorophyll index was obtained in the treatment of Dragon's head + V. villosa.
 
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that by using mulch and cover plants in the management of weeds, the use of chemical poisons can be reduced and their adverse effects on crops and the environment, which are the basic foundations of human health, can be reduced to the extent significantly prevented.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical pesticides
  • Cover plants
  • Integrated management
  • Mulch
  • Weeds
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