کارایی مقادیر کاهش یافته علف‌کش‌در تلفیق با مالچ کلش و وجین‌دستی در مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‌های‌هرز گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: در مدیریت تلفیقی علف­های­هرز گیاهان دارویی، استفاده از مقادیر کاهش یافته علفکش­ها در تلفیق با روش­های غیر شیمیایی مثل مالچ کلش و وجین دستی باعث کاهش هزینه کاربرد علفکش­ها و آلودگی زیست محیطی می­شود . لذا تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر روش تلفیقی کنترل علف‌های هرز بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد گاوزبان اروپایی(Borago officinalis L.)  اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه زنجان در بهار سال 1395 انجام شد. فاکتور اول کنترل علف‌های هرز در 14 سطح شامل کاربرد علف‌کش پندیمتالین (50 درصد دز توصیه شده)، تریفلورالین در دزهای (50 و 100 درصد دز توصیه شده) به تنهایی و در تلفیق با مالچ کلش‌گندم و تیمار آلوده به علف‌های هرز و فاکتور دوم وجین دستی در دو سطح (بدون وجین دستی و یک‌بار وجین دستی 50 روز پس از کشت) بودند.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که تراکم و زیست­توده علف‌های هرز در واحد سطح به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تیمار مدیریت و وجین دستی قرار گرفتند و اثر متقابل مدیریت × وجین دستی بر تراکم علف هرز معنی دار بود. کمترین تراکم (7/23 بوته در متر مربع) و کمترین زیست­توده علف های هرز (5/99 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمار تریفلورالین 100 درصد+ مالچ مشاهده شد. اثر تیمار مدیریت علف­هرز بر ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ و تعداد گل در بوته گاوزبان اروپایی در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی­دار بود. اثر متقابل مدیریت علف هرز × وجین دستی بر عملکرد گل در واحد سطح معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد گل گاوزبان (6/43 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمار تریفلورالین 50% +مالچ به همراه یک بار وجین دستی حاصل شد و کمترین عملکرد در تیمارهای تریفلورالین 100% و پندیمتالین 50% مشاهده شد. در تیمارهای تریفلورالین 50% + مالچ و مالچ، یک بار وجین دستی باعث افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد گل در مقایسه با تیمار عدم وجین دستی شد.
 
نتیجه ­گیری: به‌طور کلی تیمار تریفلورالین 50% +مالچ به همراه یک بار وجین دستی بیشترین عملکرد گل در واحد سطح را داشت و می تواند به عنوان بهترین روش مدیریت علف­های­هرز گاوزبان اروپایی در سیستم های تولید پایدار،  معرفی شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of Reduced Rates of Herbicide Integrated with Straw Mulch and Hand Weeding in Weed Management of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sediqe Sarencheh 1
  • Rouhollah Amini 2
  • Ali Reza Yousefi 3
1 MSc in Weed Science, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran,
2 Professor/Department of Plant Ecophysiology/Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Tabriz
3 Professor, Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In integrated weed management of medicinal plants, the use of reduced rates of herbicides in integration with non-chemical methods such as straw mulching and hand weeding reduces the cost of herbicide application and environmental pollution. So, this experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management methods on growth characteristics and yield of borage (Borago officinalis L.).
 
Material and Methods: The experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Medicinal Crops of University of Zanjan in 2016. The first factor was weed control treatment with 14 levels including pendimethalin (50% of recommended dose), trifluralin at 50 and 100 % of recommended dose alone and with wheat straw mulch and weed-infested treatment and the second factor was supplementary control (without and with one hand weeding 50 days after planting). Also, the weed free treatment was considered in the experiment.
 
Results: Results indicated that weed density and biomass and borage yield significantly affected by weed control treatment and hand weeding. The lowest weed biomass was observed in trifluralin 100% + mulch (99.5 g.m-2) that was not significantly different with trifluralin 100%. Application of soil applied herbicides reduced weed biomass but without hand weeding was unable to control weeds during growth season. Reduced rates of herbicides could be more effective if combined with hand weeding compared with their application alone. The highest borage yield loss observed in weed infested treatment that was not significantly different with pendimethalin (50% of recommended dose) and trifluralin at 100% of recommended dose alone.
 
Conclusion: Generally, the treatment of trifluralin 50% + one hand weeding had the highest borage flower yield (43.6 g.m-2) and reduction in weed biomass and this treatment could be introduced as sustainable weed management method in borage.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flower Yield
  • Hand Weeding
  • Integrated Weed Management
  • Straw Mulch
  • Trifluralin
  • Weed Biomass

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 195-212

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