تأثیر مصرف توأم بیوچار و فسفر بر رشد و تغذیه کلزا در یک خاک لوم قلیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر برهمکنش فسفر و بیوچار حاصل از کاه ‌گندم پیرولیز شده در دمای 300 درجه سلسیوس بر رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی پرمصرف اوّلیه توسط گیاه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308 در یک خاک لوم قلیایی در شرایط گلخانهای انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ماده‌ آلی در پنج سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک از دو منبع کاه گندم و بیوچار حاصل از آن) و فسفر در سه سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 میلیگرم فسفر بر‍ کیلوگرم خاک از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل) بودند. قبل از برداشت گیاهان شاخص کلروفیل برگ اندازه‌گیری شد. بعد از برداشت گیاه نیز وزن‌ خشک شاخساره و ریشه، مقدار روغن دانه و غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در شاخساره گیاه کلزا اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: مصرف بیوچار و کود فسفر شاخص‌ کلروفیل برگ، وزن‌ خشک شاخساره و ریشه و مقدار روغن دانه را نسبت به شاهد به‌طور معناداری افزایش داد. همچنین، مصرف توأم بیوچار و فسفر باعث افزایش غلظت فسفر و پتاسیم شاخساره نسبت به شاهد شد. مصرف توأم دو درصد بیوچار و 20 میلی‌گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک منجربه تولید ماده خشک شاخساره معادل مصرف به تنهایی 40 میلی‌گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک شد.
نتیجه گیری: مصرف بیوچار حاصل از کاه ‌گندم پیرولیز شده در 300 درجه سلسیوس به میزان دو درصد در یک خاک لوم قلیایی منجربه بهبود رشد گیاه کلزا و کاهش مصرف فسفر شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of Biochar and Phosphorus on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Dry Matter, Oil content and some Nutrient Uptake in an Alkaline Loamy Soil in Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheil Salimi tarazoj
  • Adel Reyhanitabar
  • Nosratollah Najafi
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: In this research, the effects of combined application of biochar pyrolysed at 300˚C and phosphorous (P) fertilizer on growth and primary macronutrients uptake by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), Hyola 308 cultivar were studied in an alkaline loamy soil.
 Materials &Methods: A factorial experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The factors were organic matter at two sources (biochar and wheat straw) and three levels (0, 20 and 40 g kg-1) and P at three levels (0, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 as triple superphosphate). Before the plants harvesting, leaf chlorophyll index was measured. After the plant, harvesting, dry weights of shoot and root, seed oil content, the concentrations of nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K) were determined.
 Results: Application of phosphorous fertilizer and biochar significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, dry weights of shoot and root and seed oil content compared to the control. However, the application of wheat straw resulted in a decrease in these characteristics compared to the control treatment. In addition, dual application of biochar and phosphorous increased shoot concentrations of phosphorous and potassium.  The combined application of 2% biochar and 20 mg P per kg of soil resulted in the production of dry matter of the rapeseed shoot equivalent to the application of 40 mg P per kg of soil alone. Also, the combined application of wheat straw and phosphorus reduced shoot nitrogen concentration compared to the control treatment, but at the same time increased shoot phosphorus and potassium concentrations compared to the control treatment.
Conclusion: The application of biochar obtained from pyrolysis of wheat straw at 300 °C at 2% level in an alkaline loam soil improved rapeseed plant growth and led to a decrease in the consumption of P fertilizer. In all the characteristics measured in this research, the performance of biochar was better than the initial biomass, i.e. wheat straw.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Organic Matter
  • Pyrolysis
  • Rapeseed
  • Wheat Straw

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 317-333

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