ارزیابی کاربرد کودهای زیستی، اسید هیومیک و شیمیایی بر برخی صفات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی سبزی برگی منداب (.Eruca sativa L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران

2 مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: در سیستم‌های کشاورزی پایدار، انواع مختلفی از کودهای زیستی و آلی از جمله باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و اسید هیومیک وجود دارند که به عنوان جایگزینی مؤثر برای کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی مطرح شده‌اند. این کودها علاوه بر کاهش مشکلات زیست‌محیطی جدی، می‌توانند آثار منفی بر سلامت انسان را نیز به حداقل برسانند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای زیستی، اسید هیومیک و کود شیمیایی بر برخی ویژگی­های رشدی، صفات فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی سبزی برگی منداب طراحی گردید.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تیمار در دانشگاه کردستان اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل شاهد (بدون مصرف کود)، ازتوبارور-1، پتابارور-2، فسفاته­بارور-2، ازتوبارور-1 + پتابارور-2، ازتوبارور-1 + فسفاته­بارور-2، پتابارور- 2 + فسفاته­بارور-2، ازتوبارور-1 + پتابارور-2 + فسفاته­بارور-2، اسید هیومیک و کود شیمیایی بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد، بیوماس، سطح برگ، رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، محتوای فنل، فلاونوئید، ویتامین ث، کربوهیدرات، نیترات، فسفر و پتاسیم بود.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر همه منابع کودی بر صفات مورد مطالعه معنی­دار شده است. بیشترین عملکرد، بیوماس، محتوای کاروتنوئید، فنل، ویتامین ث، نیترات و پتاسیم همراه با کاربرد اسید هیومیک بدست آمد. بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل a و کلروفیل کل با استفاده از کود زیستی ازتوبارور-1 مشاهده شد. حداکثر کربوهیدرات، کلروفیل b، فلاونوئید، فسفر و سطح برگ به ترتیب در تیمارهای فسفاته­بارور-2، ازتوبارور-1 + پتابارور-2، ازتوبارور-1 + فسفاته­بارور-2، پتابارور- 2 + فسفاته­بارور-2 و کود شیمیایی ثبت گردید.
 
نتیجه­گیری: در این پژوهش تاثیر مثبت کاربرد کودهای زیستی و اسید هیومیک بر بهبود صفات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی گیاهان منداب مشاهده شد. بنابراین می­توان با کاربرد این نوع کودها به عنوان یکی از مطلوب­ترین روش­ها برای جایگزینی و یا کاهش مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی با هدف بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک، تولید محصول سالم و همچنین حفظ پایداری محیط زیست جهت تولید این سبزی برگی فراسودمند اقدام نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Application of Biological, Humic acid, and Chemical Fertilizers on Some Growth, Physiological and Qualitative Traits of Rocket Leafy Vegetable (Eruca sativa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Serveh Tahmasebi 1
  • Ali akbar Mozafari 1
  • Nasser Ghaderi 1
  • Behrooz Sarabi 2
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
2 Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In sustainable agricultural systems, a diverse range of biofertilizers and organic fertilizers, including plant growth-promoting bacteria and humic acid, have emerged as effective alternatives to mitigate the consumption of chemical inputs. In addition to diminishing significant environmental challenges, these fertilizers can minimize adverse effects on human health. This research was designed to investigate the effect of biofertilizers, humic acid (HA) and chemical fertilizers on some growth characteristics, physiological and qualitative traits of rocket leafy vegetables.
 
Materials and Methods: At the University of Kurdistan, a completely randomized design was designed. Treatments included control (no use of fertilizer), AzotoBarvar-1, PotaBarvar-2, PhosphoBarvar-2, AzotoBarvar-1 + PotaBarvar-2, AzotoBarvar-1+ PhosphoBarvar-2, PotaBarvar-2 + PhosphoBarvar-2, AzotoBarvar-1+ PotaBarvar-2 + PhosphoBarvar-2, HA and chemical fertilizer. The traits that were evaluated included yield, biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C, carbohydrate, nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium content.
 
Results: The results of ANOVA showed that the effect of all fertilizer sources on the characteristics investigated was significant. Using HA resulted in the highest yield, biomass, carotenoid, phenol, vitamin C, nitrate, and potassium content. The maximum chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were observed using the biofertilizer AzotoBarvar-1. Maximum content of carbohydrate, chlorophyll b, flavonoid, phosphorus, and leaf area was recorded in PhosphoBarvar-2, AzotoBarvar-1 + PotaBarvar-2, AzotoBarvar-1 + PhosphoBarvar-2, PotaBarvar-2 + PhosphoBarvar-2, and chemical treatments, respectively.
 
Conclusion: The positive effect of biofertilizers and HA on the improvement of rocket plants growth, physiological, and qualitative traits was observed in this research. As a result, this type of fertilizers can be used as one of the most desirable methods to substitute or reduce the use of chemical inputs with the aim of improving soil fertility, producing a healthy crop and also maintaining environmental sustainability for the production of this beneficial leafy vegetable.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological Fertilizer
  • Healthy Crop
  • Organic Fertilizer
  • Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria
  • Yield

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 25-40

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