بررسی تأثیرکودهای زیستی و آلی بر برخی صفات کمی و کیفی گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: مدیریت کود یک عامل مهم در موفقیت کشت گیاهان دارویی می‌باشد. کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی در تولید این گیاهان با هدف حذف یا کاهش قابل ملاحظه در مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی و همچنین افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و بهبود رشد و کیفیت گیاه از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است، لذا پژوهش حاضر به­منظور بررسی اثر نهاده­های اکولوژیک بر برخی صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گاوزبان اروپاییofficinalis)  (Borago انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در سال 1400-1399 در روستای فهلیان، شهرستان نورآباد، از توابع استان فارس اجرا گردید. عامل اول شامل کمپوست در سه سطح (0، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و عامل دوم شامل کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (شاهد، قارچ میکوریزا Funneliformis moseae، باکتریBacillus subtilis  و قارچ میکوریزا + باکتری) بود. بذرهای گاوزبان اروپایی از شرکت پاکان بذر اصفهان، قارچ میکوریزا و سوسپانسیون باکتریایی از مؤسسه‌ی آب و خاک کرج تهیه شد. قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار به میزان80 کیلوگرم در هکتار (هر گرم نمونه قارچ میکوریزا حاوی حـدود 120 اسپور زنده بود) و به میزان 20 گرم به ازای هر بوته در هنگام کاشت و داخل کپه­های حفر شده برای کشت بذر به­صورت نواری استفاده گردید و همچنین ریشه‌‌های نشاء آغشته به سوسپانسیون باکتری‌ مربوطه شده و به کرت‌های اصلی انتقال داده شد. کمپوست های استفاده شده در آزمایش از کود دامی و کاه و کلش برنج تهیه گردید.
یافته­ها: نتایج بیانگر افزایش معنی­دار شاخص کلروفیل و درصد موسیلاژ برگ گاوزبان اروپایی با افزایش سطوح کمپوست از صفر به 10 تن در هکتار بود و در بین سطوح کود زیستی بیشترین میزان این صفات از تیمار تلفیقی کودهای زیستی میکوریز و باکتری حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان صفات مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی مورد مطالعه، مخصوصاً تعداد گل در شاخه، تعداد گل در بوته و عملکرد گل در زمان کاربرد 10 تن کمپوست در هکتار و کاربرد تلفیقی ریزموجودات مورد بررسی به دست آمد و کمترین عملکرد گل نیز از کرتی حاصل شد که هیچ گونه کود کمپوست و زیستی استفاده نشده بود.
 
نتیجه­گیری: کاربرد کود آلی کمپوست و کودهای زیستی مورد مطالعه (میکوریزا و باکتری) تأثیر مثبتی بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گاوزبان اروپایی داشتند. اگرچه هریک از این منابع تغذیه­ای در تولید گاوزبان اروپایی منجر به بهبود صفات مورد بررسی گردید، اما با این وجود، کاربرد تلفیقی کمپوست و کودهای زیستی، تأثیر و کارآیی بیشتری در افزایش این صفات داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of European borage (Borago officinalis L.(

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kiamars Azadinejad 1
  • Amin Salehi 2
  • Alireza Yadvi 2
  • Hooshang Farajee 2
  • Parvin Rostampour 3
1 M.Sc student, Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 , Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
3 Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Fertilizer management is a key factor in the successful cultivation of medicinal plants. The use of organic and bio-fertilizers in the production of these plants is of great importance, aiming to eliminate or significantly reduce the use of chemical inputs, enhance soil fertility, and improve plant growth and quality. Therefore, the study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of ecological inputs on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Borago officinalis.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was used in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 in Fahlian, Noorabad, and Fars province. The first factor includes compost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton.ha-1) and the second factor includes biological fertilizers at four levels (Control, Mycorrhizal, Bacillus and Mycorrhiza + Bacillus). The seeds of Borago officinalis were obtained from Pakan Bazr Company in Isfahan, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial suspensions were sourced from the Soil and Water Research Institute in Karaj. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were applied at a rate of 80 kg per hectare (each gram of the fungal sample contained approximately 120 viable spores) and at a rate of 20 grams per plant during sowing, placed in furrows specifically prepared for seed planting in a banding method. Additionally, the roots of the seedlings were inoculated with the corresponding bacterial suspension and then transplanted into the main plots. The composts used in the experiment were prepared from animal manure and rice straw and stubble.
 
Results: The results showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll index and mucilage of borage leaf with increasing compost levels from 0 to 10 tons per hectare, and among the biofertilizer levels, the highest amount of these characteristics was obtained from the combined treatment of mycorrhizae and bacteria biofertilizers. The highest amount of studied morphological and functional characteristics, especially the number of flowers per branch, the number of flowers per plant and flower yield was obtained when applying 10 ton.ha-1 of compost and integrated application of the studied micro organisms, and the lowest amount was obtained from control, which had no compost and biological fertilizers were not used.
 
Conclusion: The application of compost and biological fertilizers studied (mycorrhizae and Bacillus) had a positive effect on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of borage. Although each of these nutritional sources in the production of borage led to the improvement of studied characteristics, nevertheless, the combined use of compost and biological fertilizers had a greater effect and efficiency in increasing these traits.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compost
  • European borage
  • Growth-promoting bacteria
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Phytochemical activity

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 57-64

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