بررسی روند مصرف و محاسبه شاخص‌های کارایی انرژی در تولید غلات آبی کشور (گندم، جو، برنج و ذرت) طی سال‌های 1399-1379

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: انرژی از جمله مهمترین نهاده­های تولیدی در اقتصاد ایران به شمار می­رود. در طول دهه­ ها دولت برای مصرف این نهاده یارانه پرداخت نموده و این مساله فشار زیادی بر بودجه دولت وارد می­آورد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی روند مصرف و محاسبه شاخص‌های کارایی انرژی در تولید غلات آبی کشور (گندم، جو، برنج و ذرت) می‌باشد.
 مواد و روش‌ها: داده های مورد استفاده در پژوهش مربوط به دوره زمانی 1399-1379 می باشد که از وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و مرکز آمار ایران تهیه شده است. در این تحقیق چهار محصول مهم غلات شامل گندم، جو، ذرت و برنج که در مجموع حدود 70 درصد از مساحت کل اراضی زراعی ایران را شامل می شود، در نظر گرفته شد.
 
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که انرژی تمامی نهاده‌ها به جز سموم شیمیایی در دوره مذکور افزایش یافته است. کود شیمیایی طی دوره 1389-1379 روند کاهشی را نشان داد، اما در دوره 1399-1389 مجدداً روند افزایشی داشت. کود شیمیایی بیشترین سهم از کل انرژی ورودی را به خود اختصاص داده است به طوری که نرخ رشد آن در بازه زمانی 1399-1384، 3/28 درصد بود.
 نتیجه گیری: روند نسبت انرژی (ستاده به نهاده) در تولید محصولات عمده غلات طی دوره مورد مطالعه روند افزایشی داشت. به طوری که میانگین رشد نسبت کل انرژی در محصولات مذکور در دوره مورد بررسی 87/1 درصد بود. ضریب رگرسیون انرژی غیرمستقیم و انرژی تجدیدناپذیر در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار و مثبت شد که نشان می‌دهد با افزایش مصرف این نوع انرژی عملکرد دانه افزایش می یابد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می دهد که بازده انرژی غلات کشور در طول زمان افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Trend of Consumption and Calculating Energy Efficiency Indicators in Cereals Production (wheat, barley, rice and corn) during 2000-2020

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rose Hashemi
  • Reza Moghadasi
  • Mehdi Kazemnejad
  • Amir Mohammadinejad
Islamic Azad University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Energy is considered as one of the most important inputs in the Iran’s economy. Government has been providing subsidy for energy consumption for decades, and it puts high pressure on the public budget. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy consumption trend and calculate the energy efficiency indicators in the cereals production (wheat, barley, rice and corn) in Iran.
 
Materials and Methods: The data used in the research is related to the period of 2000-2020, which was prepared from the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad and the Statistics Center of Iran.In this research, four important cereals products including wheat, barley, corn and rice were considered, which in total include about 70% of the total area of agricultural lands in Iran.
 
Results: According to the results, the energy of all inputs except chemical poisons has increased in the mentioned period.Chemical fertilizer showed a decreasing trend during the period of 2000-2010, but increased again during the period of 2010-2020.Chemical fertilizer has taken the largest share of the total input energy, so that its growth rate was 28.3% in the period of 2000-2020.
 
Conclusion: The trend of energy ratio (output to input) in the production of major cereal products during the studied period had an increasing trend so that the average growth of the total energy ratio in the mentioned products was 1.87% in the period under review. The regression coefficient of indirect energy and non-renewable energy was significant and positive at the level of 5%, which shows that the grain yield increases with the increase in the consumption of this type of energy. The results of this study showed that the cereal energy efficiency increased over time.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Input
  • Energy Consumption Efficiency
  • Iran

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 255-265

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