خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، مؤلفه‌های عملکردی و شاخص رقابت ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم نان (Triticum aestivum) تحت رقابت علف‌هرز پنیرک (Malva neglecta L.) در شرایط خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات- دانشکده علوم کشاورزی- دانشگاه گیلان- رشت- ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر

4 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: کاهش میزان تأثیر علف‌های هرز بر خصوصیات محصول اصلی، سبب افزایش میزان تولید و کیفیت دانه شده و در نهایت موجب پایداری اکوسیستم‌های زراعی می‌گردد. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر علف‌هرز پنیرک بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، شاخص رقابت و سرعت فتوسنتز در مزارع گندم شمال خوزستان مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 99-1398 و 1400-1399 در مرکز تحقیقات و مطالعات کشاورزی صفی‌آباد دزفول اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه رقم گندم (مهرگان، چمران 2 و برات) و پنج تراکم پنیرک (شاهد (صفر)، 8، 16، 24 و 32 بوته در متر مربع) بودند.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که طول بوته با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک به‌ترتیب 38/2، 42/7، 44/15 و 47/20 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت و طول سنبله با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک به‌ترتیب 42/7، 47/8، 47/16 و 71/29 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. تعداد دانه در سنبله ارقام چمران 2 و مهرگان به‌ترتیب 45/1 و 72/11 درصد نسبت به رقم برات کاهش نشان داد. تعداد دانه در سنبله با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک به‌ترتیب 22/13، 65/20، 84/28 و 60/44 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. عملکر دانه با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک در رقم مهرگان به‌ترتیب 41/19، 44/29، 24/36 و 22/48 درصد، در رقم چمران 2 به‌ترتیب 27/6، 84/15، 78/21 و 89/43 درصد و در رقم برات به‌ترتیب 51/28، 06/39، 23/40 و 78/50 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش نشان داد. عملکرد بیولوژیک با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک به‌ترتیب 08/13، 86/15، 40/20 و 44/32 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش نشان داد. سرعت فتوسنتز با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک در رقم مهرگان به‌ترتیب 25/14، 49/24، 86/60 و 66/80 درصد، در رقم چمران 2 به‌ترتیب 81/23، 48/31، 92/52 و 28/74 درصد و در رقم برات به‌ترتیب 02/25، 70/43، 42/49 و 00/74 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش نشان داد. شاخص تحمل ارقام چمران 2 و مهرگان به‌ترتیب 08/1 و 85/1 درصد نسبت به رقم برات و با افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک به‌ترتیب  68/3، 45/7 و 32/11 درصد نسبت به تراکم 8 بوته علف‌هرز پنیرک کاهش نشان داد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج آزمایش نشان‌دهنده کاهش مقادیر خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و کاهش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، سرعت فتوسنتز و شاخص تحمل ناشی از افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک بود. به‌طور کلی، کنترل تراکم علف‌هرز پنیرک می‌تواند برای بهبود عملکرد کمی، شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گندم نان جهت حصول اهداف کشاورزی پایدار و افزایش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در واحد سطح در مناطق زراعی شمال خوزستان توصیه می‌گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morpho-physiological Characteristics, Competition Index and Yield Components of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes under Malva (Malva neglecta L.) Weed Competition in Khuzestan conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razi Sorkheh 1
  • Jafar Asghari 2
  • Adel Modhej 3
  • Ahmad Ali Shoushi-Dezfouli 4
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Guilan University,-Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Guilan University
3 Department of Agronomy, Shushtar branch of Islamic Azad University
4 Department of Agricultural and Horticultural Science Research, Safi-abad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Decreasing the effect of weeds on the characteristics of the main product increases the production and quality of the seeds and finally stabilizes the agricultural ecosystems. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Dwarf Mallow weed on yield, yield components, competition index, Greenness and photosynthesis rate in wheat fields in North Khuzestan.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the two crop years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in the agricultural research and studies center of Safi-abad, Dezful. Treatments included of three varieties of wheat; (Mehregan, Chamran 2 and Barat) and five Density of Malva (control (zero), 8, 16, 24 and 32 plants/m2).
 
Results: The results showed that the length of the plant increased by 2.38, 7.42, 15.44 and 20.47%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, with the increase in the density of the weed and the spike length decreased by 7.42, 8.47, 16.47 and 29.71% compared to the control treatment with increasing the density of Malva weed. The number of seeds in the spike of Chamran 2 and Mehrgan cultivars decreased by 1.45% and 11.72% respectively compared to Barat cultivar. The number of seeds in the spike decreased by 13.22, 20.65, 28.84 and 44.60%, respectively, compared to the control treatment with the increase in the density of the Malva weed. Seed yeild with increasing density of Dwarf Mallow weed in Mehrgan variety 19.41, 29.44, 36.24 and 48.22%, in Chamran 2 variety 6.27, 15.84, 21.78 and 43.89% and in Brat variety 28.51, 39.06, 40.23, and 50.78% showed a decrease compared to the control treatment, respectively. The biological yield decreased by 13.08, 15.86, 20.40, and 32.44%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, with the increase in the density of the weed. The photosynthesis ratio with increasing the density of Malva weed in Mehrgan variety 14.25, 24.49, 60.86 and 80.66%, in Chamran 2 variety 23.81, 31.48, 52.92 and 74.28% and of 25.02, 43.70, 49.42 and 74.00% in Brat variety respectively, showed a decrease compared to the control treatment. The tolerance index of Chamran 2 and Mehregan cultivars decreased by 1.08 and 1.85%, respectively, compared to Barat variety, and with the increase in the density of Dwarf Mallow weed, it decreased by 3.68, 7.45 and 11.32%, respectively, compared to the density of 8 Dwarf Mallow weed plants.
 
Conclusion: The results of the experiment showed a decrease in the values of developmental and physiological characteristics and a decrease in seed and biological yield, photosynthesis rate and tolerance index due to the increase in the density of Malva weed. In general, the control of Dwarf Mallow weed density can be recommended to improve quantitative yield, morpho-physiological indicators of bread wheat in order to achieve sustainable agricultural goals and increase grain and biological yield per unit area in the agricultural areas of North Khuzestan.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathy
  • Assimilation
  • Competition
  • Density
  • Yield components

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 129-147

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