واکنش ژنوتیپ‌های جو پاییزه (Hordeum vulgare L.) به قطع آبیاری در مرحله‌ پنجه‌زنی از نظر صفات فیزیولوژیک و ویژگی‌های ریشه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 عضو و مدیر قطب علمی اصلاح مولکولی غلات، دانشگاه تبریز . گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: آگاهی از نقش ریشه و صفات فیزیولوژیک در پاسخ به تنش کمبود آب می­تواند به­نژادگران را در انتخاب رویکردهای مناسب برای تولید ارقام متحمل یاری کند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیک و ویژگی­های ریشه­ در ژنوتیپ­های جو پاییزه در شرایط تنش کم­آبی و عادی بود.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار انجام شد. تنش کمبود آب (آبیاری کامل و تنش کم­آبی با قطع آبیاری در مرحله پنجه ­زنی) و 28 ژنوتیپ جو پاییزه، فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه را تشکیل دادند. بعد از 14روز از اعمال تنش کم­آبی، صفات وزن خشک ریشه، حجم ریشه، وزن خشک بخش هوایی، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به بخش هوایی، محتوای آب نسبی برگ، پتانسیل اسمزی، دمای برگ، شاخص کلروفیل برگ و میزان پرولین اندازه­گیری شد. پس از انجام تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین­ها، تجزیه خوشه­ای با استفاده از داده­های استاندارد شده به روش Ward و مقیاس فاصله اقلیدسی، در دو شرایط عادی و تنش کم­آبی انجام شد. افزون بر این، تجزیه علیت سلسله مراتبی صفات تاثیرگذار روی بیوماس (وزن خشک بخش هوایی) در شرایط عادی و تنش کم­آبی بر مبنای مدل معادلات ساختاری صورت گرفت.
 
یافته­ها: بین ژنوتیپ­های جو از نظر تمامی صفات به جز دمای برگ اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ با شرایط آبیاری برای کلیه صفات به جز دمای برگ معنی­دار بود. تجزیه خوشه­ای با استفاده از روش Ward ژنوتیپ­ها را در هر دو شرایط عادی و تنش کم­آبی در چهار گروه قرار داد که ژنوتیپ­های مطلوب در هر دو شرایط در گروه­های جداگانه قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه علیت سلسله مراتبی صفات مرتبط با وزن خشک بخش هوایی در ژنوتیپ­های جو در شرایط عادی نشان داد که اثر مستقیم وزن خشک ریشه و حجم ریشه بر وزن خشک بخش هوایی مثبت و اثر مستقیم شاخص کلروفیل برگ، میزان پرولین و پتانسیل اسمزی بر آن منفی بودند. در شرایط تنش کم­آبی حجم ریشه و شاخص کلروفیل برگ دارای اثر مستقیم مثبت و صفات میزان پرولین، وزن خشک ریشه و پتانسیل اسمزی دارای اثر مستقیم منفی بر وزن خشک بخش هوایی بودند.
 نتیجه گیری: ژنوتیپ­های جو با کدهای EC83-5، EC83-17، EC81-13، EC79-18 و A2C84-14 در هر دو شرایط عادی و تنش کم­آبی دارای میانگین بیش­تری از نظر اکثر صفات ریشه و فیزیولوژیک بودند که می­توان آن­­ها را در زمره­ ژنوتیپ­های مطلوب در هر دو شرایط به شمار آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes to Water Withhold at Tillering Stage, Concerning Physiological and Root Traits Under Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Shayan 1
  • Fahimeh Sadeghpour 1
  • Mohammad Moghaddam 1
  • Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi 2
  • Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani 3
  • Ahmad Youssefi 4
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
2 Dept . of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,
3 Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
4 Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective:  Knowledge of the role of roots and physiological traits in response to water-deficit stress can help breeders in choosing appropriate approaches for producing tolerant cultivars. This study aimed to investigate physiological traits and root characteristics in winter barley genotypes under water-deficit stress and normal conditions.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with two replications. Water deficit stress (full irrigation and water deficit stress with irrigation interruption at tillering stage) and 28 winter barley genotypes constituted the factors studied. After 14 days of water deficit stress, root dry weight, root volume, shoot dry weight, root to shoot dry weight ratio, leaf relative water content, osmotic potential, leaf temperature, leaf chlorophyll index, and proline content were measured. After analysis of variance and comparison of means, cluster analysis was performed on the standardized data using Ward's method and Euclidean distance measure, under normal and water deficit stress conditions. Additionally, a sequential path analysis of traits affecting biomass (dry weight of aerial part) under normal and water-deficit stress conditions was conducted using structural equation modeling.
 
Results: There were significant differences between the genotypes concerning all traits except leaf temperature. The genotype by irrigation interaction was significant for all traits except leaf temperature. The Ward clustering method resulted in four clusters at both normal and water-deficit-stress conditions. The favorable genotypes were included in groups in both conditions. The results of hierarchical path analysis of traits related to the shoot dry weight under normal conditions showed that the direct effects of root dry weight and root volume on shoot dry weight were positive and significant and the direct effects of leaf chlorophyll index, proline, and osmotic potential on this characteristic were negative and significant. At the water-deficit-stress conditions, root volume and leaf chlorophyll index had positive and significant direct effects on shoot dry weight and proline, and root dry weight and osmotic potential had negative and significant direct effects on this trait.
 
Conclusion: The barley genotypes with the codes of EC83-5, EC83-17, EC81-13, EC79-18, and A2C84-14 had a higher mean concerning most root and physiological characteristics at both normal and drought stress conditions, which can be considered as suitable genotypes for both conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Hierarchical path analysis
  • Physiological traits
  • Root characters
  • Winter barley

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 2
تیر 1404
صفحه 249-263

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