ارزیابی پایداری زیست‌محیطی نظام‌های تولید گیاهان علوفه‌ای در منطقه سیستان با استفاده از تحلیل امرژی: مقایسه کوشیا، ارزن، سورگوم و جو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات-دانشکده کشاورزی -دانشگاه زابل -ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی- گرایش فیزیولوژی ، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل

10.22034/saps.2024.60613.3182

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل امرژی، پایداری زیست‌محیطی چهار نظام تولید علوفه‌ای شامل کوشیا، ارزن، سورگوم و جو در منطقه‌ی سیستان در سال زراعی 1401-1400 موردبررسی قرار گرفت. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین نظام تولیدی با بهترین عملکرد از نظر مصرف، بازده و بار امرژی و همچنین شاخص پایداری امرژی بود.
 
مواد و روش: منطقه سیستان دارای آب‌وهوای خشک و گرمسیری است و با کمبود آب‌وخاک شور روبرو است. جامعه آماری موردمطالعه شامل مزارع کشت گیاهان علوفه‌ای منطقه بود. برای تبدیل جریان‎های انرژی و مواد به واحد امرژی، از ضرایب تبدیل که مسیر تحولات انرژی در جهان را منعکس می‌کنند، استفاده شد. سپس با محاسبه شاخص‌های مربوط به امرژی، پایداری زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی نظام‌های تولید گیاهان علوفه‌ای مورد ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفت.
 
یافته‌ها: مجموع امرژی­های ورودی به نظام برای چهار بوم­نظام تولید کوشیا، ارزن، سورگوم و جو به ترتیب 1016×82/2، 1016×29/3، 1016×30/4 و 1016×65/3 ام ژول خوشیدی در هکتار در سال بدست آمد. ‌نظام تولید کوشیا به لحاظ شاخص EIR در رتبه نخست قرار گرفت. دلیل این امر، مصرف بیشتر کود نیتروژن در مقایسه با سایر نظام‌های موردبررسی است که به ناپایداری این نظام نیز می‌انجامد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان از پایداری نظام‌های تولید ارزن و جو ازلحاظ منافع اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی داشت. با ارتقای الگوهای سازگار با محیط‌زیست، مانند افزایش حمایت از تولیدکنندگان، ترویج توسعه کشت در مقیاس بزرگ، تدوین معیارهای پایداری و ارائه یارانه­های هدفمند به بهبود تولیدات گیاهان علوفه­ای در منطقه سیستان  کمک کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sustainability Assessment of Forage Production Systems in Sistan Region Using Emergy Analysis: A Comparison of Kochia, Millet, Sorghum, and Barley

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iesa khammari 1
  • alireza sirusmehr 2
  • Mohammad Reza Asgharipour 3
  • Seyed Abolfazl Hashemi 4
1 Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol,Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
4 PhD Student, Unit of Agrotechnology-Physiology major,Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Bacl ground & Objectives: Using emergy analysis, the environmental sustainability of four forage production systems, including koushia, millet, sorghum, and barley, was assessed in Sistan region during the 2021-2022. The aim of this study was to determine the most efficient production system in terms of emergy consumption, yield, and emergy load, as well as the emergy sustainability index.
 
Materials and Methods: the sistan region has a dry and subtropical climate and faces water scarcity and saline soils. The statistical population of the study included all forage production farms in the region. To convert energy and material flows to emergy units, appropriate conversion coefficients that reflect the path of energy transformations in the world were used. Then, by calculating emergy-related indicators, the environmental and economic sustainability of forage production systems were evaluated and compared.
 
Findings: The total emergy inputs for the four-forage production of koushia, millet, sorghum, and barley were 2.82E+16, 3.29E+16, 4.30E+16, and 3.65E+16 j/hec, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the koushia production ranked first in terms of the EIR index. The reason for this is the higher consumption of nitrogen fertilizer compared to the other systems under study, which also leads to the instability of this system.
 
Conclusion: The analysis showed the sustainability of the millet and barley production systems in terms of economic and environmental benefits. By promoting eco-friendly patterns, such as increasing support for producers, encouraging large-scale cultivation development, establishing sustainability criteria, and providing targeted subsidies, it can be possible to improve forage production in the Sistan region.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Performance
  • Emergy Based Indices
  • High Value Crop Cultivation Systems
  • Intensive Animal Husbandry
  • Sustainability
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