اثر سطوح نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه و روغن کاملینا (Camelina Sativa L.) در خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

4 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز

10.22034/saps.2024.61122.3203

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: کاملینا  گیاهی روغنی است که علاوه بر مصارف خوراکی و درمان در صنعت نیز به عنوان سوخت زیستی و مواد آرایشی و بهداشتی کاربرد دارد. این گیاه در مقایسه با سایر دانه­­های روغنی نیاز کمی به آب، کود و آفت­کش دارد و امکان قرار گرفتن آن در تناوب با غلات وجود دارد. در تولید کاملینا مدیریت عناصر غذایی و تراکم بهینه کاشت از عوامل مهمی است که بر رشد و عملکرد تاثیر می­گذارد. با توجه به پتانسیل بالای کشت کاملینا در خوزستان این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد کاملینا در خوزستان انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش در سال زراعی 1401-1400 به صورت کرت­های خرد شده و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان انجام­شد. نیتروژن در پنج سطح صفر،50، ،100 ،150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص در کرت­های اصلی و تراکم بوته با چهار سطح 200، 400،300 و 500 بوته در متر مربع در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. میزان نیتروژن مصرفی هر کرت بر اساس تیمارهای مورد نظر از منبع اوره محاسبه و یک سوم از آن در ابتدای کشت و مابقی به صورت سرک در دو مرحله استفاده گردید. ابعاد کرت‌ها 5/1×5/2 متـر، فاصله بین کرت‌ها­ی اصلی یک­متر و فاصله بین بلوک‌ها دو متر در نظـر گرفتـه شـده و هـر یک از کـرت‌ها شـامل ده خـط کاشت بود.
 
یافته­ها: بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه و روغن به ترتیب 7/2442 و 4/857 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار مصرف 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع بدست­آمد. در تراکم­های 200 و 300 بوته در متر مربع با افزایش نیتروژن تا سطح 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه افزایش و­سپس کاهش یافت در حالی که در تراکم­های 400 و 500 بوته در متر مربع با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن عملکرد به صورت خطی افزایش یافت.
 
نتیجه گیری: افزایش میزان مصرف نیتروژن تا سطح 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن و اجزای عملکرد کاملینا در آزمایش حاضر شد. همچنین تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن شد.  بنابراین، برای دستیابی به تولید بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن در کاملینا می­توان از تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع و مصرف 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن برای رقم سهیل در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان استفاده کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on grain and oil yield of Camelina in Khuzestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • afsaneh shojaei 1
  • Aydin Khodaei joghan 2
  • sayed ataolah siadat 2
  • danial kahrizi 3
  • abdolali gilani 4
1 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
2 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
3 Dept, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Dept, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Baclgrpimd and Objectives: Camelina is an oilseed plant that, in addition to food and medicinal uses, is also utilized in industry as biofuel and in cosmetics and personal care products. Compared to other oilseeds, it has low water, fertilizer, and pesticide requirements and can be incorporated into crop rotations with cereals. In camelina production, nutrient management and optimal planting density are key factors influencing growth and yield. Given the high potential for camelina cultivation in Khuzestan, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and plant density on grain yield and yield components of camelina in Khuzestan.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the Behbahan agriculture research station during 2021-2022 growing season. Nitrogen was applied at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg. ha-1 of pure nitrogen) in the main plots, and planting density was set at four levels (200, 400, 300, and 500 plants per square meter) in the sub-plots. The amount of nitrogen applied to each plot was calculated based on the specified treatments using urea as the source. One-third of the total amount was applied at the beginning of cultivation, and the remainder was applied in two stages. The dimensions of the plots were 1.5 × 2.5 meters, with a spacing of 1 meter between main plots and 2 meters between blocks. Each plot consisted of ten planting rows.
 
Results: The highest grain yield (2442 kg. ha-1) and oil yield (857 kg. ha-1) were obtained with the application of 150 kg. ha-1 of nitrogen and 300 plants per square meter. at planting densities of 200 and 300 plants per square meter, with increasing nitrogen up to 150 kg.ha-1, the grain yield increased and then decreased, while in planting densities of 400 and 500 plants per square meter, the yield increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application.
 
Conclusion: Applying nitrogen at rates up to 150 kg. ha⁻¹ led to an increase in Camelina grain yield. A density of 300 plants per square meter by provided favorable conditions for plant growth and development, will lead to increase grain and oil yield. Therefore, considering environmental conservation and resource management, a planting density of 300 plants per square meter and the application of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen can be utilized to achieve the highest grain and oil yields of camelina.                                 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertilizer
  • Grain Oil Content
  • Oil Seed Plant
  • Plant Number
  • Yield Components

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 4
1404
صفحه 33-44

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