بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس تعدادی از اکوتیپ‌های گیاه دارویی نعناع‌فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در روش‌های مختلف برداشت و خشک کردن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، لرستان، ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.60046.3159

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: حفظ تنوع زیستی گیاهی برای ایجاد تنوع ساختاری و ترکیبات اصلی در آینده برای توسعه پایدار تمدن بشری مهم است. نعناع‌فلفلی با نام علمی  Mentha piperita L.با خواص دارویی متعدد یکی از مهمترین گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان استکه گروه عمده و متنوعی از متابولیت‌های ثانویه را تولید می‌کنند. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس تعدادی از اکوتیپ‌های گیاه دارویی نعناع‌فلفلی در روش‌های مختلف برداشت و خشک کردن می‌باشد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تنوع ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس در روش‌های مختلف برداشت (نیمه گلدهی - گلدهی کامل) و خشک کردن (سایه – آون) در توده‌های مختلف گیاه نعناع‌فلفلی آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1401 اجرا گردید. اسانس مواد گیاهی به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر استخراج و مهمترین ترکیبات اسانس گونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی مشخص گردید.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که تمامی صفات ترکیبات اسانس مورد مطالعه گیاه نعناع‌فلفلی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بودند. بالاترین مقدار ترکیبات در توده زنجان به روش برداشت و خشک کردن نیمه گلدهی- سایه و بیشترین تعداد ترکیبات هم در توده نورآباد مشاهده شد. مهم‌ترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس Limonene بین 23/0 تا 45/29 درصد، Menthol 30/0 تا 16/30 درصد، Cadinol 21/0 تا 40/17 درصد، Pulegone 35/0 تا 72/13 درصد، Ledol 20/0 تا 86/3 درصد،Propazulene  26/0 تا 28/5 درصد و Terpinol 21/0 تا 85/2 درصد بود. بیشترین میزان همبستگی بین ترکیب Naphthalene با Aromadendrene (80/0) مشاهده گردید. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای، تیمارهای مورد بررسی را به چهار گروه تقسیم‌بندی و بر اساس نتایج تجزیه به عامل‌ها نه عامل اصلی توانستند مجموعا 19/93 درصد از واریانس کل را توجیه کنند.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که توده‌های Mentha piperita L. ایران دارای تنوع ژنتیکی بالایی هستند که می‌توان از آن در برنامه‌های اصلاحی استفاده کرد. همچنین تغییرات قابل توجهی در بین توده‌ها از نظر تعداد، نوع و میزان ترکیبات اسانس مشاهده شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Essential oil Components of Some Medicinal plant Mentha piperita L. Ecotypes in Different Harvesting and Drying Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi mohebodini 1
  • Zahra bashirzadeh 1
  • Roghayeh Fathi 2
1 Department of Horticultural science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Preserving plant biodiversity is important for creating structural diversity and main compounds in the future for the sustainable development of human civilization. Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), with numerous medicinal properties is one of the most important plants from Lamiaceae family. These plants produce a major and diverse group of secondary metabolites. Main purpose of this research is evaluation of essential oil components of some Mentha piperita L. ecotypes in different harvesting and drying methods.
 
Materials and Methods: In this research, the diversity of essential oil compounds in different methods of harvesting (50% flowering- 100% flowering) and drying in different (oven- shade) accesion of peppermint plants was investigated. This experiment was conducted in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili climatic condition.in 2022, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Their essential oils were extracted by using of Clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC-MS.
 
Results: Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among studied essential oil compounds traits. In total, 25 compounds were identified, and the largest amount of compounds was found in the Zanjan accession in the harvesting and drying method 50% flowering-shade and the highest number of compounds was observed in the Noorabad accession. The most important components of peppermint essential oil were: Limonene (0.23-29.45%), Menthol (0.30-30.16%), Cadinol (0.21.17.40%), Pulegone (0.35-13.72), Ledol (0.20-3.86%), Propazulen (0.26-5.28%) and Terpinol (0.21-2.85%). Maximum correlation was shown between Naphthalene and Aromadendrene (0.80). Cluster analysis, classified the treatments into four major groups. Factor analysis indicated that the 9 factors explained 93.19 of the variability among the accessions.
 
Conclusion: The results suggested that Mentha piperita L accessions of Iran had a high genetic diversity that can be used in the breeding programs. The considerable variations were observed among accessions in viewpoint of number, type and amount of essential oil compounds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Composition
  • Correlation
  • Limonene
  • Peppermint
  • Treatment
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