تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا تپاری (Phaseolus autifolius L.) در سطوح آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جیرفت

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران

3 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

4 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

5 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان/ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی/ جیرفت

10.22034/saps.2024.61527.3218

چکیده

اهداف: این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی زمان کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا تپاری در منطقه زاهدان انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش در مزرعه پژوهشی گیاهان دارویی و زینتی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان-زاهدان به­صورت کرت­های دو بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، طی دو سال 1398 و 1399 اجرا شد. در این مطالعه، اثر دو سطح آبیاری (دور آبیاری 10 روز: (I1) و دور آبیاری 20 روز: (I2)) در کرت­های اصلی، سه تاریخ کشت (10 و 25 اردیبهشت و 10 خرداد به ترتیب P1، P2 و P3) در کرت­های فرعی و تراکم بوته (40، 60 و 80 بوته در متر مربع به ترتیب D1، D2 و D3) در کرت­های فرعی فرعی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا تپاری (ژنوتیپ محلی جیرفت) بررسی شد.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که سطوح آبیاری، تاریخ کشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا تپاری معنی­دار می­باشد. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (3/65 سانتی­متر)، قطر ساقه (پنج میلی­متر)، عملکرد زیستی (6/4629 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و عملکرد دانه (5/1601 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) به­ترتیب برای ترکیب­های تیماری I2P2D3، I2P3D1 و I2P2D2 به دست آمد. نتایج برهمکنش سطوح آبیاری×تاریخ کشت حکایت از بیشترین تعداد نیام در بوته (42) و تعداد دانه در نیام (هشت) در تیمار I2P2 داشت، در حالی که بیشترین وزن هزار دانه (95 گرم) در تیمار I2P1 حاصل شد. برهمکنش تاریخ کاشت×تراکم بوته نیز نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد نیام در بوته و تعداد دانه در نیام مربوط به تیمار P2D2 می­باشد. همچنین، بیشترین وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت به ترتیب در تیمارهای P2D1 و P1D3 مشاهده شد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: بر اساس نتایج مشخص شد که کاشت لوبیا تپاری در تاریخ کشت مناسب (اردیبهشت ماه) نه تنها عملکرد لوبیا تپاری را در منطقه افزایش می­دهد، بلکه به­دلیل برخورداری از آب و هوای مطلوب منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه با مصرف آب کمتر (دور آبیاری 20 روز) و کاشت با تراکم بالا (80 بوته در متر مربع) می­شود. با تأخیر در کشت (خرداد ماه) به­دلیل افزایش دما در منطقه و برخورد دوران حساس زایشی به دمای بالا، جهت دستیابی به عملکرد بیشتر، بایستی مصرف آب را افزایش (دور آبیاری 10 روز) و تراکم بوته در متر مربع را کاهش (40 بوته در متر مربع) داد. در مجموع، جهت افزایش عملکرد لوبیا تپاری در منطقه زاهدان و کاهش مصرف آب، کشت آن در اردیبهشت ماه با تراکم 60 بوته در متر مربع، توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Planting Date and Density on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) under irrigation levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Mazarei 1
  • Hamid Madani 2
  • Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad 3
  • Mohamad Hasan Shirzadi 4
  • Gholamreza Afsharmanesh 5
1 , Faculty of Agricultural, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.
2 Dept. of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University Arak, Iran.
3 Agricultural and Horticultural Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Faculty of Agricultural, Jroft Branch, Islamic Azad University
5 Faculty of Agricultural, Jroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: This research was conducted to investigate planting time and plant density effects on the yield and yield components of Tepary bean in Zahedan region.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in the research farm of ornamental medicinal plants of the University of Sistan and Baluchistan-Zahedan in split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications during the years 2018-2019. In this study, the effect of two levels of irrigation (10-day irrigation cycle: (I1) and 20-day irrigation cycle: (I2)) in the main plots, three planting dates (April 30, May 15 and 31, respectively, P1, P2 and P3) in the sub-plots and plant density (40, 60 and 80 plants per m-2 respectively D1, D2 and D3) in the sub-sub-plots.
 
Results: The results showed that the effect of irrigation levels, planting date and plant density on the yield and yield components of Tepary (Jiroft local bean) is significant. In addition, the 20-day irrigation cycle increased the growth and yield traits of Tepary bean compared to the control irrigation. so that the highest plant height (65.3 cm), biological yield (4629.6 kg. ha-1) ) and grain yield (1601.5 kg. ha-1) respectively for treatment combinations I2P2D3, I2P2D3, I2P3D1, I2P2D3, and I2P2D2 was obtained. The interaction results of irrigation levels×planting date indicated the highest number of pods per plant (42) and number of grains per pod (eight) in the I2P2 treatment, While the highest weight of 1000 grain (95 grams) was obtained in I2P1 treatment. The interaction of planting date×plant density also showed that the highest number of pods per plant and the number of grains per pod are related to P2D2 treatment. Also, the highest 1000 grain weight and harvest index were observed in P2D1 and P1D3 treatments, respectively.
 
Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that planting Tepary beans on the right planting date (May) not only increases the yield of Tepary beans in the region, but also due to having a favorable climate, it leads to an increase in the yield and components of plant yield with less water consumption. (irrigation cycle of 20 days) and planting with high density (80 plants.m-2). With the delay in planting (June) due to the increase in temperature in the region and the high temperature of the sensitive reproductive period, in order to achieve more yield, it is necessary to increase water consumption (irrigation period of 10 days) and reduce the density of plants per square meter (40 plants.m-2). In general, in order to increase the yield of Tepary beans in Zahedan region and reduce water consumption, it is recommended to plant it at the right time, May with a density of 60 plants.m-2.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological Yield
  • Pod Number per Plant
  • Water stress
  • 1000 Weight Grain

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 4
1404
صفحه 45-59

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