ارزیابی سودمندی کشت مخلوط ذرت- سویا با استفاده از شاخص‌های زراعی و کارایی کنترل علف‌‌هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

در این آزمایش اثر کشت مخلوط افزایشی تراکم­های مختلف سویا بر عملکرد اقتصادی و بیولوژیک ذرت و شاخص کارایی کنترل علف­هرز در شرایط آب و هوایی همدان در سال زراعی 1389 ارزیابی شد. طرح آزمایشی مورد استفاده بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و پنج تیمار شامل T1 و T2: به ترتیب کشت خالص ذرت با و بدون وجین علف­هرز و T3، T4 و T5: به ترتیب کشت مخلوط افزایشی 15، 30 و 45 درصد تراکم خالص سویا (40 بوته در متر مربع) با ذرت بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک ذرت در سطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت. ولی، اثر تیمار بر شاخص برداشت معنی­دار نشد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (803 گرم در متر مربع) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (1793 گرم در متر مربع) مربوط به تیمار کشت خالص ذرت با وجین علف­هرز بود که با تیمار کشت مخلوط افزایشی 45 درصد سویا با ذرت از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت. استفاده از سویا به­عنوان گیاه همراه در کنترل علف­های هرز مزرعه ذرت بسیار مؤثر بود، بطوریکه تیمارهای T4 و T5 پایین­ترین میزان بیوماس را به­ترتیب معادل 53 و 52 گرم در متر مربع و تراکم علف هرز به­ترتیب 17 و 8 بوته در متر مربع را دارا بودند. تیمار T5 را
می­توان به ­عنوان برترین تیمار معرفی کرد، زیرا ضمن مهار مناسب علف­های هرز، کمترین میزان شاخص رقابت (04/0)، بالاترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین (27/1)، مجموع ارزش نسبی (33/1) و کارایی کنترل علف­هرز (20/83 درصد) را داشت و بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه برابر 758 گرم در متر مربع را تولید نمود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Corn-Soybean Intercropping Advantages Using Agronomic and Weed Control Efficiency Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • J Hamzei 1
  • N Ghamari Rahim 2
چکیده [English]

In this study effect of additive intercropping of different soybean densities on economic and biological yield of corn and index of weed control efficiency was evaluated at the climate condition of Hamedan during growing season of 2011. Complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications and five treatments included T1 and T2; Pure stand of corn with and without weeding, respectively and T3, T4 and T5; additive intercropping of 15, 30 and 45 percent of pure stand of soybean (40 plants per m-2) with corn, respectively. Results indicated that experimental treatments had significant effects (p<0.01) on grain and biological yields of corn. But, the effect of treatment on harvest index was not significant. The highest grain (803 g m-2) and biological (1793 g m-2) yield were achieved at T1 (Pure stand of corn with weeding) treatment. However, there is no significant difference for these traits between T1 and T5 (additive intercropping 45 percent of soybean with corn) treatments. Using soybean as a companion crop had significant effect on weed control. As, minimum values of weed biomass and weed density; in averaging 53 g m-2 with 17 plant m-2 and 52 g m-2 with 8 plant m-2 were observed at T4 and T5 treatments, respectively.  Treatment of T5 can be introduce as a best treatment, because it can suppress weeds in the corn field and had the lowest value of competition index (0.04), the highest values of land equivalent ratio (1.27), total relative value (1.33) and weed control efficiency (83.20%)  and produced the highest value of grain yield (758 g m-2). 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Companion Crop
  • Land Equivalent Ratio
  • Weed Biomass
  • Weed Density
  • Yield Components
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