تغییرات کیفیت بیوچار تولید شده از کاه و کلش گندم در طی فرآیند پیرولیز آهسته در دماهای مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 علوم مهندسی خاک، گرایش بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه مهندسی و علوم خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

          به تازگی بیوچار به‌دلیل پتانسیل بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک، غیرمتحرک کردن آلودگی‏ها و همچنین یک روش مناسب برای متوقف کردن کربن و به‌عنوان مخزن کربن مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق، یک سری بیوچار از کاه و کلش گندم در طی فرآیند پیرولیز آهسته در دماهای مختلف (300، 400، 500، 600 و 700 درجه سسلسیوس) تولید و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی وشیمیایی آنها تعیین شد. عملکردبیوچار، محتوای خاکستر، مقدار عناصر غذایی و سایر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی در تیمارها نسبت به ماده خام برای بررسی اثر درجه حرارت پیرولیز بر بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم و تعیین بهترین دمای پیرولیز برای تبدیل کاه و کلش به بیوچار برای استفاده در کشاورزی انجام گردید. آزمایشات با افزایش تدریجی دما بین 700-300 درجه سسلسیوس، عملکرد بیوچار، مقدار نیتروژن کل و کربن آلی کاهش یافت. در حالی که pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، مقدار خاکستر و پایداری کربن افزایش نشان داد. همچنین درصد عملکرد بین 32/58- 34/28 درصد از ماده خام، پایداری کربن آلی 14/92-32/65 درصد و pH بین 9/10-4/7 بود. حداکثر مقدار تبدیل  کربن آلی ماده خام به کربن آلی پایدار  در بیوچار در 500 درجه سلسیوس رخ داد. مقدار گروه‏های عاملی با افزایش دمای پیرولیز در بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم کاهش یافت، با این وجود، اسیدیته کل گروه­های عاملی با افزایش دمای پیرولیز بیوچار کاه و کلش افزایش داشت. برای استفاده کشاورزی بیوچار کاه وکلش گندم، دمای 300 درجه سسلسیوس و برای ترسیب کربن بیوچار 500 درجه سلسیوس پیشنهاد می‏شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quality Variations of Biochar Generated from Wheat Straw During Slow Pyrolysis Process at Different Temperatures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Beheshti 1
  • Hosseinali Alikhani 2
چکیده [English]

Biochar has received great attention by many researchers recently due to its potential to improve soil fertility and immobilize contaminants and is proper as a way of carbon sequestration and therefore a possible carbon sink. In this work, a series of biochar were produced from wheat straw by slow pyrolysis at different temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 C) and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. Biochar yield, ash content, the amount of nutrients and other physicochemical properties in the all treatment of the raw material for the effect of temperature on the wheat straw biochar and to determine the best temperature pyrolysis temperature for converting wheat straw to biochar with agricultural usage. As temperature increased incrementally from 300 to 700C, biochar yield, total N content and organic carbon (OC) decreased while pH, EC, ash content and OC stability increased. The generated biochars production caused yields 28.34-58.32 % of feed mass, stable OC % 65.32-92.14 and pH 7.4-10.9. The maximal transformation of feed OC into biochar recalcitrant OC occurred at 500 C. There were reductions in the amount of functional groups as pyrolysis temperature increased for wheat straw biochar. However, total acidity of the functional groups increased with pyrolysis temperature increased for wheat straw biochar. To produce agricultural-use wheat straw biochar, 300 C should be is suggested in pyrolysis process and for carbon sequestration biochar 500 C is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Carbon Stability
  • Nutrient Content
  • Pyrolysis Temperature
  • Wheat Straw
  • Yeild
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