اثرات اسیدهای آلی، میکوریزا و ریزوباکترها بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum) در نظام زراعی کم‎نهاده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

عاری بودن گیاهان دارویی از بقایای شیمیایی، شرط لازم و اساسی در کلیه‎ی مراحل تولید، فرآوری و عرضه آن‎ها می‎باشد، بنابراین کاربرد نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار در امر تولید این گیاهان امری اجتناب‎ناپذیر است. به‎منظور بررسی اثر نهاده‎های اکولوژیک بر عملکرد گل و دانه گاوزبان ایرانی (Echiumamoenum) آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی متوالی 91-1390 و 92-1391 در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل هفت نوع نهاده آلی و زیستی مختلف نظیر اسید هیومیک، اسید فولویک، نیتروکسین (حاوی باکتری‌های Azotobacter spp. و Azospirillum spp.)، بیوفسفر (حاوی باکتری‌های Bacillus sp. و Pseudomonas sp.)، بیوسولفور (حاوی باکتری­های Acidithiobacillus spp.)، میکوریزا حاوی قارچ Glomus mosseae و حاوی قارچRhizophagus intraradices  و عدم استفاده از کود (به‎عنوان تیمار شاهد) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کودهای اسید هیومیک، اسید فولویک، بیوسولفور و میکوریزا (G. mosseae)، عملکرد گل خشک را به ‎ترتیب 36، 27، 26 و 30 درصد و عملکرد دانه را به ‎ترتیب 32، 22، 21 و 16 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش دادند. بیشترین میزان فنول کل در نتیجه­ی کاربرد بیوسولفور بدست آمد و میزان آنتوسیانین کل در شرایط استفاده از اسید هیومیک و اسید فولویک به ترتیب 38 و 33 درصد نسبت به شاهد ارتقاء پیدا کرد. کودهای بیولوژیک بیوفسفر و بیوسولفور میزان فعالیت آنتی‎اکسیدانی را به‎ترتیب 8 و 7 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. هر دو میکوریزای مورد مطالعه (G. mosseae و Rh. intraradices) به ‎ترتیب افزایش 20 و 15 درصدی روغن دانه و افزایش 30 و 18 درصدی پروتئین دانه را در مقایسه با شاهد در پی داشتند. به ‎طورکلی با توجه به یافته‎های این پژوهش، با کاربرد نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از کودهای شیمیایی، خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گاوزبان ایرانی بهبود یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Organic Acids, Mycorrhiza and Rhizobacteria on Yield and Some Phytochemical Characteristics in Low-Input Cropping System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Behzad Amiri 1
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 2
  • Mohsen Jahan 2
چکیده [English]

No chemical residues in medicinal plants is essential principle in all stages of their production, processing and supply, therefore, the use of ecofriendly inputs in the production of these plants is inevitable. In order to evaluate the effects of ecological inputs on flower and seed yield of Echium amoenum, an experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications during 2011-2013 growing seasons, in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments included seven different types of soil amendments and biofertilizers concluded: 1- humic acid, 2- fulvic acid, 3- Nitroxin (containing Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp.), 4- Biophosphorous (containing Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), 5- Biosulfur (containing Thiobacillus spp.), 6- Mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), 7- Mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), and 8- no fertilizer as control. The results showed that humic acid, fulvic acid, biosulfur and Glomus mosseae increased flower yield 36, 27, 26 and 30% respectively and improved seed yield 32, 22, 21 and 16% compared to control, respectively. The highest total phenol obtained in biosulfur treatment. Total anthocyanin in humic and fulvic acids was 38 and 33% more than control, respectively. Biophosphorous and biosulfur biofertilizers increased the antioxidant activity 8 and 7% compared to control, respectively. Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased seed oil 20 and 15% and seed protein 30 and 18% compared to control, respectively. In general, according to the findings of this study, the use of ecofriendly inputs while reducing the damage caused by chemical fertilizers, improved quantity and quality of Iranian Ox-Tongue.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biosulfur
  • Eco-Friendly Input
  • Humic acid
  • Medicinal Plant
  • Total Anthocyanin
  • Total Phenol

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 27، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 45-61

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