تولید علوفه در الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor L.) با ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa L.) در سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به ‌منظور بررسی الگوهای مختلف کاشت مخلوط سورگوم علوفه­ای (Sorghum bicolor L.) و ماشک گل خوشه‌ای(Vicia villosa L.)  در سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تبریز در سال زراعی 1393 به اجرا درآمد. فاکتور اول شامل کود نیتروژنه در سه سطح N0 (عدم مصرف کود)،  N30 (مصرف 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار)،  N60 (مصرف 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) و فاکتور دوم الگوهای مختلف کشت در سه سطح 1 P (کاشت سورگوم علوفه‌ای در وسط پشته‌ها و کاشت ماشک گل خوشه‌ای در طرفین پشته‌ها)، 2P (کاشت سورگوم علوفه‌ای در یک طرف پشته‌ها و کاشت ماشک گل خوشه‌ای در طرف دیگر پشته‌ها)، 3 P(کاشت سورگوم علوفه‌ای در وسط پشته‌ها و کاشت ماشک گل خوشه‌ای در طرفین و روی پشته‌ها) بود. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد کود نیتروژنه موجب افزایش عملکرد علوفه سورگوم شد و بیشترین عملکرد علوفه سورگوم در الگوی اول و دوم کاشت با مصرف 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد. همچنین در هر دو چین حداکثر عملکرد علوفه خشک ماشک گل خوشه­ای در الگوی سوم کاشت (3P) با مصرف 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار (7/371 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. بالاترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین (94/1) و مجموع ارزش نسبی (14/1) به ترکیب تیماری الگوی اول کاشت بدون مصرف کود نیتروژن تعلق داشت. بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین استاندارد (92/1) در ترکیب تیماری الگوی دوم کاشت با مصرف 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد. در مجموع می‌توان بیان کرد که برای تولید علوفه سورگوم، ترکیب الگوی اول و دوم کاشت با عدم مصرف کود بر سایر الگوهای کاشت برتری داشت.
 

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Forage Production in Different Intercropping Patterns of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) With Hairy Vetch (Vicia Villosa) in Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab 1
  • Abdollah Javanmard 2
  • Jalal Arzheh 3
چکیده [English]

        In order to evaluate the intercropping of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) andhairy vetch (Vicia villosa) at different nitrogen fertilizer levels and planting patterns, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz in 2014. The experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 30 and 60 kg N.ha-1) and three planting patterns [(planting sorghum on the furrow bank and planting vetch in the both side of furrow bank (P1), planting sorghum in one side of furrow bank and planting vetch in other side (P2) and planting sorghum on the furrow bank and planting vetch on the furrow bank and both side of furrow bank (P3)]. Results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer application increased sorghum forage yield. The highest sorghum forage yield was achieved in first and second planting patterns by application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. Also, the highest forage yield (371.7 kg. ha-1) of vetch produced in the third nitrogen fertilizer level (N60) and third planting pattern (P3). In all intercropping treatments, land equivalent ratios (LER) were well above 1 indicating yield advantages for intercropping. The greater LER of the intercrops was mainly due to a greater resource use and resource complementarities that when the species were grown alone. The highest LER (1.94) and RVT (1.14) were obtained in first planting pattern with no nitrogen application. Also the greatest LERs (1.92) were obtained under interaction of second planting pattern and third nitrogen fertilizer level (N60). In general, it can be stated that for the production of forage, the combination of first and second planting patterns with no nitrogen application is superior on other planting patterns.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage Yield
  • Intercropping
  • Land Equivalent Ratios
  • Planting Pattern
  • Relative Value Total
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