تاثیر کود زیستی فسفاته و کود کامل NPK بر خصوصیات رویشی و میزان فسفر در گیاه همیشه بهار ((Calendula officinalis L.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

2 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز

چکیده

گیاه همیشه بهار با نام علمی .Calendula officinalis L علاوه بر کارایی در فضای سبز دارای استفاده دارویی نیز می­باشد. به دلیل تکامل کشاورزی در جهت کشاورزی پایدار پژوهشی به منظور  بررسی تاثیر روش­های مختلف استفاده ازکود زیستی فسفاته بارور-  2 و مقایسه آن با نسبت­های مختلف کود کامل NPK به عنوان کود شیمیایی، بصورت جداگانه و یا ترکیب با یکدیگر در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان در سال زراعی 92-1391 انجام گرفت. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل صفات رویشی و در نهایت میزان فسفر بافت گیاه بود. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک های کاملا تصادفی در 27 کرت آزمایشی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل کود زیستی فسفاته بارور-2 در 3 سطح صفر (a1)، بذرمال (a2) و سرک (a3) و کود کامل NPK در 3 سطح  صفر(b1)، 150(b2) و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار (b3)  بود. بررسی­ها نشان دادند که بیش­ترین تعداد گل (995/161 ) و برگ (17/717) در بوته در کاربرد همزمان کود زیستی و شیمیایی حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین ارتفاع بوته­ها در تیمار سطح دوم کود زیستی و سطح سوم کود کامل (6/106 سانتی متر) بود. در صورتیکه بالاترین میزان فسفر دربافت در تیمار شاهد (002/0 میلی­گرم در گرم) بدست آمد. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از آن بود که ترکیب کود زیستی بذرمال به همراه سطح دوم کود کامل منجر به بهبود صفات مورد اندازه­گیری شده و می­توان آن را در جهت افزایش بهره­وری توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Phosphate Bio-fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer on Vegetative Growth and the Amount of Phosphorus in Potmarigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dana Zadeh-dabbagh 1
  • Mohammad-hossein Daneshvar 1
  • Mohammad-ebrahim Azemi 2
  • Amin Lotfi Jalal-abad 1
چکیده [English]

Potmarigold, scientifically known as Calendula officinalis L., has shown great medicinal properties, in addition to its use in landscapes. Because of this and sustainable agricultural development, and in order to explore the effect of different fertilizing methods, an experiment was performed, in which the effects of biological phosphate fertilizer, Barvar-2, and NPK fertilizer, as conventional chemical fertilizers, on the growth characteristics and the amount of phosphorous in plant tissue of  Potmarigold were compared with different ratios separately and in combination. This research was conducted in the fields of the Department of Agriculture in Ramin Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Khuzestan, Iran, in cropping season 2012-2013. This factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 27 experimental plots. The factors included phosphate biofertilizer in 3 levels [zero(a1), seed treatment(a2) and road(a3)] and complete fertilizer,  NPK,  on 3 levels [ zero(b1), 150(b2) and 300 Kg/hectar(b3)]. Studies have shown the maximum numbers of flowers (161.995) and leaves (717.17) per plant were found in co-application of chemical fertilizer. Also the maximum height were found in the combination of the second level of NPK fertilizer (106.6 cm). But the highest P content of the tissuewere found in control treatment (0.002 mg/gr). The results of this research showed that the combined use of seed treatment of phosphate biofertilizer with the second level of the complete fertilizer, NPK, resulted in the improvement of the measured traits, and can thus be recommended in order to increase productivity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amount of Elements
  • Morphologic Features
  • NPK Fertilizer
  • Phosphate Bio Fertilizer
  • Potmarigold
 
Abd El-latifes, 2006. Effect of chemical organic and spraying with active dry yeast on growth, oil production and plant constituents of sage (Salvia officinalis) plants. MSc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture , Cairo, Egypt.
Abo-Baker A and Mostafa G, 2011. Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on growth, sepals yield and chemical composition of  Hibiscus subdariffa at new reclaimed soil of  Soulm Valley area. Asian Journal Crop Science, 3(1):16-25
Abou El-yazied A and Abou-Aly HE, 2011. Enhancing growth productivity of tomato plants using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Science, 5(7): 371-379.
Ameri AA, Rabbani nasab H, Jalilvand MR and Imani M. 2013. The survey on phenolical stages, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and plant density and stage of flower harveston flower production, active ingredients on Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Special Natural Products and Medicinal plants. School of Farmacy. North Khorasan. (In Persian)
Chadrikapure KR, Sadavarte KT, Panchbhai DM and Shelk BD, 1999. Effect of bio-inoculants and graded dose of nitrogen on growth and flower yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.).The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 21(2): 31-34.
Ehteshami, SMR, Agha alikhani M, Khavazi K and Chaichi MR, 2007. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress. Pakistanian Journal of Biology Science, 10(20): 3585-3591.  
El- Tantawy ME and Mohamed MA, 2009. Effect of inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the tomato rhizosphere colonization process, plant growth and yield under organic and inorganic fertilization. Journal of Applied Science, 5(9): 1117-1131.
El-Habbasha SF, Hozayn M and Khalafallah, MA, 2007. Integration effect between phosphorus levels and bio-fertilizers on quality and quantity yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in newly cultivated sandy soils. Resource Journal of Agriculture Biology Science, 3(6): 966-971.
Ezz TM, Aly MA, Saad MM and El-Shaieb F, 2011. Comparative study between bio and phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and fruit quality of banana (Musa sp.) grown on sandy soil . Journal of saudian Society in Agriculture Science (In Press).
Hashemabadi D, Zare dost F, BarariZiabari M, Zarchini M, Kaviani, B, JadidSolimandarabi M, Mohammadi-Torkashvand A and Zarchini, S, 2012. Influence of phosphate bio-fertilizer on quantity and quality features of Marigold and (Tagetes erecta L.). Australian journal of Crop Science, 1101-1109.
Iran-Nejad H and Shahbaziyan N. 1993. Cereal Cultivation. Karnoo publication. Tehran. 352p.   (In Persian)
Madani H, Naderi Brojerdi GH, Aghajani H and Pazaki AR. 2010. Evaluating of chemical phosphate fertilizers and phosphor  solubilizing bacteria on seed yield, biological yield and tissues relative phosphorus content in winter rapseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of  Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 6(4):95-104. (In Persian)
Mazaheri A and Naghshinehpour B. 1978. Ahvaz Faculty of Agriculture Jundishapour University Journal Publisher. (In Persian)
 
Mohammadi G, Ghobadi M E and Sheikheh- Poor S, 2012. Phosphate Biofertilizer, Row Spacing and Plant Density Effects on Corn (Zea may L.) Yield and Weed Growth. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 425-429.
Olsen S R and Somers L E, 1982. Phosphorus in: Compton J E and Cole D W, 1998. Phosphorus cycling and soil phosphore fractions in Douglas-fir and red alder stands forest ecology and managements, 110: 101-112.
Pouryosef M, Jabbari F and Rahimi A, 2010. Effects of Barvar Phosphate Biofertilizer (BPB) and different soil fertilizing treatments on yield components and mineral nutrient content of Isabgol (Plantagoovata Forsk). Modern Technologies in Agriculture (Agronomy and Horticulture), Vol. (4), No 1:4.
Premeskhar M and Rajashree V, 2009. Influence of bio-fertilizer on the growth characters, yield attributs, Yield and quality of tomato. American-European Sustain Agriculture, 3(1). 68-70.
Rai M K, 2006. Handbook of microbial bio-fertilizers. Food Products Press, An Imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc, Binghamton, New York.
Rezae nejad Y and Afyuni M. 2001. Effect of organic matter on soil chemical properties and corn yield and elemental uptake. Journal of Water and Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, 4(4): 19-29. (In Persian)
Sahara B S and Nehra V, 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (a critical review). Life Science in Medical Resources, 66: 613-635.
Senthil Kumar T, Swaminathan, V and Kumar S, 2009. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil constituents in Raton crop (Artemisia pollens). Electron T. Environment Agriculture and Food chemicals, 8(2): 86-95.
Shualan M, 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seed quality of Nigella sativa L. plants. Egypt Journal Agriculture Resource, 83(2): 811-828
Sindhu G, Raborthy C and Prashant M Ghorpadey, 2010. Determination of Quercetin HPTLC in Calendula officinalis extract. International Journal of Pharma and Biology Science, V1(1):1-4.
Singh Y P, Dwivedi R and dwivedi S V, 2008. Effect of biofertilizers and graded dose of nitrogen on growth and higher yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis). Plant Architecture, 8(2): 957-958.
Yosefi K, Galavi M, Ramrodi M and Mousavi S R, 2011. Effect of bio-phosphate and chemical phosphorus fertilizer accompanied with micronutrient foliar application on growth, yield and yield components of maize (Single Cross 704). Australian Journal Crop Science, 5(2): 175-180