اثر همزیستی میکوریزایی در شرایط متغیر بارش انتهای فصل بر عملکرد و کیفیت چاودار (.Secale cereal L) دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

آبیاری تکمیلی همزمان با همزیستی میکوریزایی در چاودار (.Secale cereal L)  یکی از روش­های پیامدداردرافزایش کیفیت وکمیت عملکرد می­باشد. برای بررسی همزیستی میکوریزایی چاودار دیم، آزمایشی دوساله به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1393 و 1394 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی آذربایجان غربی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل زمان پایان بارندگی در20 اردیبهشت، 3 خرداد و 17 خرداد، همزیستی قارچ (شاهد و قارچ گونه Glomus intraradices) و آبیاری دیم و یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی بودند. همزیستی میکوریزایی تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی باعث افزایش معنی­دار عناصر فسفر، کلسیم و خاکستر در اندام هوایی چاودار، و پتاسیم و پروتئین دانه در برابر کشت دیم شد. همزیستی میکوریزایی کیفیت اندام هوایی و دانه را بهبود بخشید. البته بهبود عملکرد تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی نسبت کشت دیم بیشتر بود. بیشترین درصد پروتئین دانه (43/18 درصد) مربوط به گیاهان میکوریزایی بود که آخرین بارندگی را در 20 اردیبهشت دریافت کرده بودند، بیشترین اندازه عملکرد دانه مربوط به سال دوم در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی حدود 96/1412 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که بارندگی تا 17خرداد ادامه داشت. کیفیت اندام هوایی و دانه چاودار در کشت دیم با یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی بهبود می­یابد و رابطه میکوریزایی صرف نظر از زمان پایان بارندگی در اندازه بهبود کیفیت و عملکرد دانه پیامددار بود. آبیاری تکمیلی و ادامه بارندگی تا 17 خرداد در گیاهان میکوریزایی، عملکرد دانه را 23 درصد در برابر عملکرد گیاهان نامیکوریزی دیم در پایان زود هنگام بارندگی بهاره افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Yield and Quality of Rainfed Rye (Secale cereal L.) under Varying End Season Rainfall

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Mazlomi Mamyandi
  • A Pirzad
  • J Jalilian
چکیده [English]

Supplementary irrigation along with mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the effective methods to increase quality and quantity of performance. To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of rainfed Rye (Secale cereal L.) plants, a 2-year factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center during 2014 and 2015. Treatments were rain interrupted (30 May, 13 June and 27 June), mycorrhizal symbiosis (non-inoculated plants and inoculation with Glomus intraradices) and irrigation (rainfed and one time supplementary irrigation).Mycorrhizal symbiosis under supplementary irrigation significantly increased the forage phosphorus, calcium and ash, and grain potassium and protein more than rainfed condition. The mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the forage and grain quality. However, the yield enhancement under supplemental irrigation was better than rainfed condition. The highest grain protein concentration (18/43 %) belonged to mycorrhizal plants exposed to rainfall continuing 20 May. The highest grain yield in the second year under supplementary irrigation of about 1412.96 kg/ha, which have precipitation until 17 June. In general, rainfed rye forage and grain quality were improved with one time supplemental irrigation, and mycorrhizal relationship affedcted the grain quality and yield regardless rainfall interruption. In mycorrhizal rye plants, rainfall continuing until 17 June with supplemental irrigation was increased the grain yield (23 %) more than that rainfed condition in early rain interrupted.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerial Parts
  • Grain Quality
  • Mycorrhizae
  • Rainfall Interupted
  • Rainfed Rye
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