پر شدن دانه و ترکیب برخی اسیدهای چرب روغن کلزا (Brassica napus L.) با کاربرد کودهای زیستی و قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

تأثیر قطع آبیاری، کودهای زیستی بر مولفه­های پر شدن دانه، محتوای کلروفیل و ترکیب برخی اسیدهای چرب روغن کلزا رقم جاکومو، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 ارزیابی گردید. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، آبیاری کامل یا شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مرحله گلدهی و تشکیل خورجین، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مرحله تشکیل دانه و کاربرد کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح، عدم تلقیح بذر با باکتری، تلقیح با نیتروباکتر، سودوموناس و آزوسپیریلوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد با اعمال محدودیت آبی، عملکرد، تعداد دانه در خورجین، تعداد خورجین در بوته، سرعت و طول دوره پر شدن دانه، اسید اولئیک، اسید لینولنیک و رنگدانه­های فتوسنتزی کاهش ولی میزان اسید چرب اروسیک و پالمتیک افزایش یافت. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد (62/1 تن در هکتار)، تعداد دانه در خورجین (66/30)، تعداد خورجین در بوته (76)، طول دوره پر شدن دانه (42/54 روز)، کلروفیل a (33/23 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کلروفیل کل (83/29 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن تر)، اسید اولئیک (24/69 درصد) و اسید لینولنیک (54/11 درصد) در حالت تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم و آبیاری کامل به دست آمد. بیش­ترین میزان اسید اروسیک (89/2 درصد) و اسید پالمتیک (56/4 درصد) در عدم تلقیح و قطع آبیاری در مرحله تشکیل دانه مشاهده گردید. همچنین قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و تشکیل خورجین و مرحله تشکیل دانه به ترتیب عملکرد دانه را 46 و 4/40 درصد کاهش داد و استفاده از باکتری­های­ محرک رشد آزوسپیریلوم، سودوموناس و نیتروباکتر در مرحله گلدهی و تشکیل خورجین به ترتیب 7/53، 2/9 و 4/44 درصد و در مرحله تشکیل دانه به ترتیب 5/65، 31 و 2/17 درصد باعث افزایش عملکرد گردیدند. براساس نتایج، به نظرمی­رسد کاربرد آزوسپیریلوم در شرایط آبیاری کامل و محدودیت آبی می­تواند به عنوان بهترین تیمار برای سودمندی تولید کلزا پیشنهاد گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Grain Filling and Some Fatty Acids Composition of Canola (Brassica napus L.) with Application of Bio-Fertilizers and Irrigation withholding

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Vatan Doost 1
  • R Seyed Sharifi 1
  • S Farzaneh 1
  • D Hassan Panah 2
چکیده [English]

The effect of irrigation withholding and bio-fertilizers on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and some fatty acids composition Gacomo cultivar of canola, was studied by  factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Station of Ardabil in 2015-2016. Experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels, full irrigation or control, irrigation withholding at 50% of flowering and pod formation stage, irrigation withholding at 50% of grain formation stage and application of bio fertilizers in four levels, no inoclulation, inoclulation with Nitrobacter, Psedomonas and Azospirillum. Results showed that water limitation decreased yield, number of grain per pod, number of pod per plant, rate and grain filling period, oleic acid, linolenic acid and photosynthetic pigment.­ Whereas erucic acid and palmetic acid content were increased. Means comparison showed that the highest of yield (1.62 ton.ha-1), number of grain per pod (30.66), number of pod per plant (76), grain filling period (54.42 days), chlorophyll a (23.33 mg.g-1 FW), total chlorophyll (29.83 mg.g-1 FW), oleic acid (69.24%) and linolenic acid (11.54%) were obtained in inoculation with Azospirillum and full irrigation. The highest content of erucic acid (2.89 %) and palmetic acid (4.56 %) were observed at no inoculation and irrigation withholding in grain formation stage. Also irrigation withholding in flowering and pod formation stage and grain formation stage decreased 46% and 40.4% respectively from grain yield and application of Azospirillum, Psedomonas and Nitrobacter increased grain yield 53.7%, 9.2% and 44.4% respectively in flowering and pod formation stage and 65.5%, 31% and 17.2% respectively in grain formation stage. According to the results, it seems that Azospirillum application can be suggested as the best treatment for profitable canolaproduction under full irrigation and water limitation condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola
  • Linear Model
  • Photosynthetic Pigment
  • Rate of Grain Filling
  • Water Limitation
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