اثر کشت مخلوط و کم‌آبیاری بر کارآیی مصرف آب و عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی ((Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) و ریحان (Ocimum basilicum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه علوم ومهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

کم آبیاری راهکار بهینه شده­ای است که در آن آگاهانه به گیاهان اجازه داده می­شود با دریافت آب کمتر از نیاز، محصول خود را کاهش دهند. کشت مخلوط سیستمی پایدار و کارآمد است که از طریق افزایش بهره­وری منابع خاک و آب باعث افزایش کارآیی مصرف آب می­شود. در این راستا آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو فاکتور در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول سه نوع کشت شامل کشت خالص گوجه­فرنگی، کشت خالص ریحان و کشت مخلوط آن دو به نسبت 50 درصد گوجه­فرنگی و 50 درصد ریحان و فاکتور دوم چهار دوره زمانی آبیاری شامل آبیاری بدون تنش آبی در ناحیه ریشه FC8/0، آبیاری زمانی که رطوبت خاک در ناحیه ریشه به حدودFC7/0، FC5/0، FC3/0 بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب بر اساس عملکرد ماده خشک در کشت مخلوط و در سطح رطوبتیFC5/0حاصل گردید. بیشترین عملکرد ماد خشک و عملکرد میوه گیاه گوجه فرنگی در کشت مخلوط و بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک و تر برای گیاه ریحان در کشت خالص آن بدست آمد. نسبت برابری زمین در تمام سطوح رطوبتی بیشتر از 1 بود که بالاترین میزان آن (1/2LER= ) از سطح رطوبتی بدون تنش بدست آمد. به طور کلی کشت مخلوط و کم آبیاری تا سطح FC5/0 برای دو گیاه ریحان و گوجه­فرنگی علاوه بر داشتن عملکرد مناسب توانسته از هدر رفتن حجم بالایی از آب جلوگیری کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Intercropping and Deficit Irrigation on the Water Use efficiency and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yasin Salehi 1
  • Davoud Zarehaghi 2
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab 3
  • Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri 1
چکیده [English]

Deficit irrigation is an optimized solution in which the plants are deliberately allowed to reduce their crop by receiving less water than needed. Combined cultivation is a sustainable and efficient system that can increase water use efficiency by increasing the productivity of soil and water resources. In this regard, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was carried out. The first factor was three types of cultivars: Monoculture tomato, Monoculture basil  and intercropping  of 50% tomato and 50% basil, and the second factor was four irrigation periods including irrigation without water stress in the root zone 0.8FC irrigation when the soil moisture in the root zone was about 0.7FC, 0.5FC, 0.3FC. The results showed that the highest water use efficiency based on dry matter yield was obtained, in intercropping at moisture level of 0.5FC. The highest dry matter yield and storability of tomato plant were obtained in intercropps and the highest dry and wet matter yield of the basil plant were obtained in monoculture. The Land equivalent ratioat all levels of moisture was greater than 1, the highest (LER = 2.1) was obtained at a non-stressed levels. Intercropping and irrigation up to 0.5FC level for two basil and tomato plants in addition to having the proper yield, has been able to prevent large amounts of water from being wasted.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basil
  • Deficit Irrigation
  • Intercropping
  • Tomato
  • Water Use Efficiency
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