بررسی برهمکنش قارچ‌های میکوریزا و کود شیمیایی فسفری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و پروتئین دانه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، آذربایجان شرقی، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران

چکیده

در مدیریت پایدار بوم­نظام­های کشاورزی، کاربرد کودهای زیستی بویژه میکوریزا به عنوان مکمل یا جایگزین کودهای شیمیایی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. به منظور مطالعه برهمکنش میکوریزا و کود فسفر بر عملکرد و پروتئین دانه نخود، آزمایش گلخانه­ای در سال 1393 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی، در چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه گونه قارچ میکوریزا، Funneliformis mosseae، Rhizophagus intraradices و Claroideoglomus claroideum به همراه شاهد، و سه سطح کود سوپر فسفات تریپل شامل 0، 50 و 100 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (83/48 سانتی­متر)، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه (00/72) و شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD) مربوط به گیاهان همزیست با Rh. intraradices به همراه 50 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک بود. با افزایش کاربرد کود سوپر فسفات تریپل تا 100 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک، گیاهان همزیست با گونه­های میکوریزا، کاهش معنی­دار در تعداد دانه در بوته نشان دادند. با کاربرد میکوریزا، بیشترین عملکرد دانه از مقدار  50 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک بدست آمد. کاربرد 100 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم در مقایسه با 50 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک، به­ترتیب کاهش 13 و 12  درصدی پروتئین در گیاهان همزیست با F. mosseae و Rh. intraradices را نشان داد. بنابراین روابط میکویزایی در کنار کود شیمیایی فسفره، مصرف کود شیمیایی را بدون افت عملکرد و پروتئین دانه نخود کاهش داده است.  این امر می­تواند در رسیدن به سیستم­های کشاورزی کم­نهاده و پایدار راه­گشا باشد.
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Interaction between Mycorrhizal Fungi and Chemical Phosphorous Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Components and Protein of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sakineh Abdi 1
  • Ali Reza Pirzad 2
چکیده [English]

Application of bio-fertilizers, especially mycorrhiza as a complement or substituent for chemical fertilizers is very important in sustainable management of agro-ecosystems. In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species and phosphorus chemical fertilizers on grain yield and protein of chickpea, a greenhouse factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was conducted in 2014. Treatments were included three species of mycorrhizal fungi, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum and non-inoculated control and three levels of phosphorus fertilizer from triple superphosphate (0, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1). Results showed, the highest plant height 48.83 cm, root colonization (72 %) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) was achieved with Rh. Intraradices and 50 mg.kg-1. With increasing phosphorus from 50 to 100 mg.kg-1, plants inoculated with mycorrhizal species showed a significant reduction in the number of seeds per plant and application of mycorrhiza with 50 mg.kg-1 showed the highest grain yield of chickpea. The application of 100 mg.kg-1 compared to 50 mg.kg-1 phosphorus with F. mosseae and Rh. Intraradices were reduced the protein percentage as 13.05 and 12.23, respectively. Therefore, application of bio fertilizer with chemical fertilizers may reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers without reduction in grain yield and protein that can achieve to sustainable and low-input agricultural systems. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Claroideoglomus claroideum
  • Funneliformis mosseae
  • Mycorrhizal Fungi
  • Protein
  • Rhizophagus intraradices
  • Triple Superphosphate
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