ارزیابی عملکرد و برخی صفات کیفی علوفه در کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با لگوم‌های یکساله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

چکیده
به­­منظور ارزیابی برخی ویژگی­های زراعی و کیفی علوفه در کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با لگوم­های یکساله، در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص تریتیکاله، کشت مخلوط جایگزینی تریتیکاله با چند لگوم علوفه­ای یکساله شامل باقلا، نخود فرنگی، ماشک گل­خوشه­ای و گاودانه با نسبت 1:1 بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه تریتیکاله از کشت خالص و کمترین عملکرد دانه از کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با ماشک گل­خوشه­ای حاصل شد. همچنین بالاترین عملکرد علوفه تریتیکاله در کشت خالص مشاهده شد. الگوی کشت بر جذب عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم اثر معنی­داری داشت.میزان جذب نیتروژن، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در ماشک در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله در مقایسه با سایر لگوم­ها بالاتر بود. بیشترین میزان جذب فسفر مربوط به تریتیکاله در کشت مخلوط با نخود فرنگی بود. کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با لگوم­ها منجر به کاهش درصد NDF و ADF، افزایش درصد پروتئین خام و درصد خاکستر و هم­چنین افزایش قابلیت هضم ماده خشک علوفه تریتیکاله، در مقایسه با کشت خالص آن شد. بنابراین، با توجه به پایین­تر بودن NDF و ADF علوفه تریتیکاله در الگوهای کشت مخلوط، می‌توان چنین گفت که کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص تریتیکاله، از طریق کاهش NDF و ADF کیفیت علوفه را بهبود بخشید. در بین لگو­های یکساله، نخود فرنگی در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله، بیشترین درصد پروتئین خام و خاکستر و کمترین درصد  NDF و ADF را دارا بود. از آنجایی که بین کشت خالص تریتیکاله با کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با نخود فرنگی از نظر عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. هم­چنین، تریتیکاله در کشت مخلوط با نخود فرنگی از کیفیت بالای علوفه برخودار بود، بنابر این، به عنوان تیمار برتر در راستای اهداف کشاورزی پایدار برای تولید معرفی می­گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield and Some Qualitative Traits of Forage in Intercropping of Triticale with Annual Legumes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeynab Salehi 1
  • Reza Amirnia 2
  • Esmaeil Rezaeichiyaneh 2
  • Hamed Khalilvandi Behrozyar 3
چکیده [English]

Abstract
In order to evaluate some agronomic and qualitative traits of forage in intercropping of triticale with annual legumes, a field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran, during growing season of 2016. Treatments were included solecropping of triticale, replacement intercropping of triticale with faba bean (Vicia faba L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), vetch (Vicia villosa L.), and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) in ratios 1:1. The results showed that the highest grain yield of triticale was obtained from solecropping and the lowest grain yield of triticale was achieved from intercropping of triticalewith vetch, respectively. Also, the highest forage yield of triticale was observed in solecropping. Cropping pattern had a significant effect on the nutrients absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. The amount absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the vetch were higher in intercropping of triticale compared to other legumes. The highest amount of phosphorus absorption was achieved from triticale in intercropping with pea. Intercropping of triticale with legumes Showed a decrease in the percentage of NDF and ADF, an increase in crude protein and ash content, as well as increased digestibility of dry matter of triticale, compared to monocropping. Therefore, considering the lower of NDF and ADF of triticale in intercropping patterns, it can be resulted that intercropping improved the forage quality by reducing NDF and ADF compared to monocropping. Among legumes, peas in intercropping with triticale had the highest percentage of crude protein and ash and the lowest percentage of NDF and ADF. However, seed yield of triticale did not indicate any significant differences at mono cropping with intercropping of triticalewith peas. Also, triticale had a high quality forage in intercropping with peas, therefore, it is superior treatment for sustainable agriculture production.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acid Detergent Fiber
  • Ash
  • Crude Protein
  • Nutrients Absorption
  • Triticale
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