غلظت و تخصیص پتاسیم در مراحل مهم نمو گندم و جو تحت تأثیر فسفر کودی و استرپتومایسس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

یافته‌های مربوط به غلظت، تجمع و تخصیص عناصر غذایی در بخش‌های مختلف بوته می‌تواند به برنامه‌ریزی دقیق‌تر در راستای بهینه­سازی تغذیۀ معدنی گیاهان زراعی کمک کند. ازاین‌رو، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر مقدار فسفر کودی (Prate) شامل صفر، 4/8، 8/16، 2/25 و 6/33 میلی‌گرم فسفر خالص در کیلوگرم خاک خشک معادل صفر، 20، 40، 60 و 80 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار و مایه‌زنی با باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات استرپتومایسس (Streptomyces sp.) بر غلظت، تجمع و تخصیص پتاسیم به اندام‌های مختلف گندم و جو در سه مرحله کلیدی طویل شدن ساقه (SE)، گرده‌افشانی (Anth) و رسیدگی برداشت (HM) انجام شد. این آزمایش گلدانی در سال زراعی 94-1393 به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در محوطه پردیس جدید دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت پتاسیم در هر سه مرحله نمو و در تمام بخش‌های گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر Prate قرار گرفته و با افزایش Prate به‌صورت خطی افزایش یافته است. همچنین، مایه‌زنی با باکتری موجب افزایش معنی‌دار پتاسیم در بخش هوایی و کل بوته در مراحل SE و Anth شد. بین دو گیاه نیز از نظر این صفات در مراحل فوق اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که افزایش Prate و مایه‌زنی، افزایش معنی‌دار تجمع پتاسیم (KCont) در تمام بخش‌های گیاه را در پی داشت و دو گیاه مورد مطالعه از نظر مقدار پتاسیم برگ و دانه به لحاظ آماری با یکدیگر متفاوت بودند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که مایه‌زنی با باکتری اثر معنی‌داری بر KCont در بخش هوایی و کل بوته در SE، در تمام بخش‌های گیاه در Anth، و در ساقه، ریشه، بخش هوایی و کل بوته در HM داشت. مقدار KCont گیاه گندم، در بخش هوایی و کل بوته در SE، تمام بخش‌ها به‌جز ساقه در Anth، و در تمام اندام‌های هوایی در HM با گیاه جو متفاوت بود. همچنین، بر اساس نتایج مطالعه حاضر ضریب تخصیص پتاسیم (KPC) به اندام‌های گیاه در هر سه مرحله در مقایسه با غلظت پتاسیم و KCont از ثبات بسیار بیشتری برخوردار بود و بسیار کمتر تحت تأثیر فاکتورهای آزمایش قرار گرفت و بالاخره، بین فاکتورهای آزمایش از نظر تقریباً‌ تمام صفات مورد بررسی اثر متقابل معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Potassium Concentration and Partitioning in Important Growh Stages of Wheat and Barley Influenced by Phosphorus Fertilizer and Streptomyces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Toktam Khosravian 1
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 2
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 2
  • Reza Ghorbani NasrAbadi 2
  • Seyyed Majid Aalimagham 2
چکیده [English]

Findings on mineral nutrient concentration, accumulation and allocation in different parts of crop can help to more accurate planning in order to optimize the mineral nutrition of Plant. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilizer rates (Prate) as 0. 8.4, 16.8, 25.2 and 33.6 mg phosphorous (P) per Kg of dry soil equal to 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Kg P.ha-1 and inoculation with P solubilizing bacteria Streptomyces sp. on concentration, accumilation and partitioning of potassium (K) in different parts of wheat and barley in stem elongation (SE), anthesis(Ant) and harvest maturity(HM). This pot experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in the new campus of Gorgan University of Agricaltural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2014-2015 growing season. Results showed that K concentration ([K]) were significantly influenced by Prate in all plant parts and was increased linearly by increasing the Prate in all three above mentioned growth stages.  Also, Inoculation with bacteria increased shoot and total plant [K] in SE and Anth Stage, significantly. There was a significant difference between the two crops for the above traits. The results indicate that increase in Prate and inoculation with bacteria resulted in a significant increase in K accumulation (KCont) in all plant parts, and that two studied crops were statistically different in terms of the leaf and grain Kcont. Also, results showed a significant effect of inoculation with bacteria on Kcont of shoot and total plant in SE, all plant parts in Anth, and all shoot organs in HM. The Kcont in shoot and total plant in SE, all plant parts except stem in Anth, and all shoot organs in HM of wheat was different with barley, statistically. Also, based on the results of this study, the potassium partitioning coefficient to different plant parts in all three stages was more stable compared to [K] and Kcont, and it was much less affected by experimental factors. Finally, there was not significant interaction between the experimental factors almost for all above mentioned traits.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth Stages
  • Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
  • Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates
  • Plant Organ
  • Potassium
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