تعیین زمان کاشت و میزان بذر کلزای بهاره (.Brassica napus L) در دشت تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

     پژوهش با هدف تعیین مناسب­ترین زمان کاشت، میزان بذر مصرفی در هکتار، ارزیابی عملکرد دانه و روغن و میزان کلروفیل برگ کلزای بهاره در دشت تبریز طی سال 1397 در ایستگاه خسروشاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار پیاده شد. عوامل مورد آزمون شامل زمان کاشت به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی با سه سطح: 10،20 و30 فروردین ماه و فاکتور فرعی میزان بذر با چهار سطح 4، 6، 8 و10 کیلوگرم در هکتار بودند. آزمایش روی RGS003 به­عنوان ژنوتیپ سازگار و پرمحصول انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که بیشترین درصد پوشش سبز مزرعه، شاخص کلروفیل برگ، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خورجین دربوته، وزن هزار دانه، درصد روغن دانه و درنهایت عملکرد دانه و روغن از تاریخ کاشت10 فروردین ماه به­دست آمد. گیاهان حاصل از تاریخ کاشت 10 فروردین ماه با داشتن فرصت کافی برای سبز شدن و رشد، با حداکثر استفاده از عوامل محیطی، به عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتری دست یافتند. همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری بین شاخص­های درصد پوشش سبز مزرعه، کلروفیل برگ و ارتفاع بوته با همدیگر و با اجزای عملکرد (به غیر از تعداد دانه در خورجین) و عملکرد دانه و روغن دیده شد. این شاخص­ها در تعیین عملکرد دانه نقش برجسته­ای داشتند. در­نهایت بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن به­ترتیب با مقادیر1673 و 694 کیلوگرم در هکتار از زمان کاشت 10 فروردین ماه و میزان بذر6  کیلوگرم در هکتار برای کلزای بهاره RGS003 در دشت تبریز به­دست آمد.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining Planting Time and Seed Rate of Spring Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) In Tabriz Plain

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahman Paseban Eslam
چکیده [English]

        The present research was done in order to determine the suitable planting date and seed rate and to evaluate the seed and oil yields and chlorophyll rate of spring oilseed rape in Tabriz plain climate (cold and semi-arid in the Copen climate classification system). The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a RCBD design in 3 replications with two factors including sowing date (30 March and 9 and 19 April) and seed rate (4, 6, 8 and 10 Kg seeds per hectare). The RGS003 as adapted and superior genotype was used for cultivation. The study was carried out in East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (Khosrovshah station) during the 2018 year. The results indicated that plants in the 30 March planting date had significantly higher values of field ground cover percent, Leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, pods per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed oil percent and seed and oil yields. Having sufficient time for growth and establishment, these plants produced higher yields via maximum use of environmental factors. Correlations among the field ground cover percent, Leaf chlorophyll, plant height indices, with each other and seed yield components (except seeds in pod), seed and oil yields were significantly positive. These indices had an important role in yield determining. Finally, the most seed and oil yields including 1673 and 694 Kg.ha-1 respectively, were achieved from 30 March planting date with 6 Kg.ha-1 seed rate for RGS003 as spring cultivar at Tabriz plain.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Field Ground Cover Percent
  • Planting Date
  • Seed Density
  • Seed Oil Percent
  • Seed Yield

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 29، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 79-95

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