تأثیر بسترهای کشت و همزیستی قارچ میکوریزا بر عملکرد برگ، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه و برخی از ویژگی های ریشه استویا در سیستم کشت بدون خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

گیاه استویا (Stevia rebaudiana) به عنوان منبعی برای ترکیبات شیرین کننده­ ی قوی، طبیعی و بی کالری است که در صنعت و داروسازی کاربرد دارد و افزایش تولید بیوماس به منظور عصاره گیری از ترکیبات شیرین کننده ی آن اهمیت به سزایی دارد. به­منظور مطالعه اثر قارچ میکوریزا بر برخی از ویژگی­های ریشه گیاه استویا، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در گلخانه دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1393 به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور اول در دوسطح شامل محلول غذایی ایما- آنجل و نوولا ، فاکتور دوم در سه سطح شامل بسترهای کشت خاک برگ، ورمی کمپوست و بیولان (پیت+پرلیت) و فاکتور سوم در دوسطح شامل تلقیح گیاه با قارچ میکوریزا و شاهد بود.اثرات ساده بسترهای کشت مختلف، محلول­های غذایی بر طول ریشه­های میکوریزایی معنی­دار شد. همچنین اثرات ساده و متقابل تیمارهای مورد بررسی بر کلونیزاسیون ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه­های میکوریزایی، سطح ریشه، وزن خشک برگ و حجم ریشه معنی دار بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه با میکوریزا مربوط به محلول نوولا و بستر کشت  ورمی کمپوست، بیشترین طول ریشه­های میکوریزایی و وزن خشک ریشه­های میکوریزایی مربوط به محلول ایما- آنجل و بستر کشت ورمی کمپوست بود. بیشترین وزن خشک  برگ، حجم ریشه، سطح ریشه و طول ریشه مربوط به محلول نوولا در بستر کشت ورمی کمپوست تحت شرایط تلقیح با میکوریزا بود. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه، مربوط به محلول ایما- آنجل در بستر کشت ورمی کمپوست (تحت شرایط تلقیح با میکوریزا) دیده شد. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده از این آزمایش، بستر کشت ورمی کمپوست و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریز در تیمارهایی که با محلول غذایی نوولا تغذیه شده بودند، باعث افزایش عملکرد برگ و برخی خصوصیات مربوط به ریشه شد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Leaf Yield, Root Colonization Percentage and Some Features of Stevia Rebaudiana Root in a Soilless Culture System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Sadat Seyedmohammadi 1
  • Morteza Barmaki 1
  • Mehdi Davari 2
چکیده [English]

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a source of strong, natural and free of calorie sweetener that is mainly used in industries and pharmacy. With respect to the importance of this plant, extracting sweetening compounds from this demands production of considerable biomass. Therefore, the effects of mychorrhizal fungus on some characteristics of Stevia’s root organ were studied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized blocks with 4 replications conducted in a greenhouse at Mohghegh Ardebili University in 2014. The first factor included Imma & Angel and Novell nutrient solutions; the second factor included the Planting bed that consisted of Leaf composts vermicompost, and Peat and perlite, and finally, third factor included the inoculation with mychorrhizal fungus and control treatment. The results showed that the highest percentage of root colonization with mycorrhizal was associated with the Novella nutrient solution and vermicompost planting bed, the maximum length of myrrhizae roots and dry weight of the mycorrhizal roots of the Imma & Angel solution and the vermicompost planting bed. In addition, Novell in vermicompost planting bed yielded the largest Leaf dry weight, root volume, root surface and root length after inoculation with mychorrhizal fungus. The largest, root dry weight was observed in case of Imma & Angel solution in vermicompost medium (inoculated with mychorrhizal fungus).
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mychorrhizal Fungus
  • Nutritional Solution
  • Planting Bed
  • Medicinal Herb
  • Stevia
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