استفاده از گیاهان اگروپایرون (Agropyron cristatum L.) و تال فسکیو (Festuca arundinacea L.) تلقیح شده با کنسرسیوم باکتریائی و قارچ شبه میکوریز درگیاه‌پالائی خاک‌های آلوده نفتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، داشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

آلودگی­ خاک با نفت خام و مشتقات آن از جمله خطرناک‌ترین انواع آلودگی­های زیست محیطی محسوب می‌شود. گیاه‌پالایی یکی از انواع روش­های زیست­پالایی است. در تحقیق حاضر از خاک آلوده به نفت برداشت شده از پالایشگاه تبریز، مطالعه‌ای بر روی روش­های گیاه‌پالایی نفت صورت گرفت. بدین منظور بعد از جداسازی باکتری­های تجزیه‌کننده هیدروکربن­های نفتی از خاک آلوده، انواع تیمارهای گیاه‌پالایی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. تیمارها شامل استفاده از دو گیاه اگروپایرون و تال‌فسکیو به تنهایی (بدون تلقیح میکروبی)، تلقیح شده با کنسرسیوم پنج گونه باکتریایی ، Stenotrophomonas sp. COD 1-1، Psedochrobactrum sp. COD 1-4، Arthrobacter sp. COD 2-3 ،  Shewanella sp. COD 2-1و Stenotrophomonas sp. COD 5-6 یا قارچ شبه میکوریز Piriformospora indica(به صورت مجزا) و تلقیح شده با تیمار تلفیقی (تلقیح توام با باکتریها، قارچ، استفاده از کود دامی و سورفاکتانت توئین) و تیمار تلفیقی بدون کشت گیاه بود. پس از پایان آزمایش، شاخص­ مقدار کل هیدروکربن‌های نفتی (TPH)، شاخص­های آنزیمی پایش سلامت خاک (دهیدروژناز، اوره­آز و کاتالاز) و بیولوژیکی (تنفس پایه و برانگیخته میکروبی خاک) و شاخص­های رشد گیاه (وزن خشک ساقه، ریشه و تعداد طوقه) سنجش شدند. با توجه به نتایج رشد گیاهی و تطبیق آن با میزان تجزیه هیدروکربن‌های نفتی، مشاهده شد که گیاه تال فسکیو تلقیح شده با قارچ شبه میکوریز به میزان 68% توانایی تجزیه ترکیبات نفتی را داشت وتال­فسکیوی بدون تلقیح قارچی توانسته بود 43% از هیدروکربن­های نفتی را تجزیه کند. گیاه اگروپایرون تلقیح شده با کنسرسیوم باکتریایی پنج گانه توانایی تجزیه 66% از  ترکیبات نفتی را داشت و اگروپایرون بدون تلقیح باکتری توانسته بود 53% از هیدروکربن­های نفتی را تجزیه کند. فعالیت آنزیم­های دهیدروژناز و اوره­آز در هفته نخست آزمایش بالا بوده و پس از گذشت 4 ماه بطور معنی داری کاهش یافت و برعکس فعالیت کاتالاز در هفته نخست کمتر بوده و در انتهای آزمایش افزایش یافت.
 


 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Agropyron cristatum L. and Festuca arundinacea L. Plants Inoculated by Bacterial Consortium and Mycorrhizal-Like Fungus in Phytoremediation of Oil Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Afsharnia 1
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 1
  • Mahmoud Zareii 2
چکیده [English]

Soil contaminations with crude oil and its derivatives are among the most dangerous types of environmental pollution. One of the many types of bioremediation is a phytoremediation. In the present research, first, contaminated soil was collected from Tabriz refinery and then study was conducted on phytoremediation methods of petroleum hydrocarbons. For this purpose, after isolation of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from contaminated soil, various phytoremidiation treatments were tested. The treatments included the use of two types of plants; Agropyron and Tall fescue in the both cases of with and without inoculation of five bacterial consortium, Stenotrophomonas sp. COD 1-1, Psedochrobactrum sp. COD 1-4, Arthrobacter sp. COD 2-3, Shewanella sp. COD 2-1 and Stenotrophomonas sp. COD 5-6 and mycorrhizal-like fungus (Piriformospora indica), and combined treatment (including inoculation with bacterial consortium and fungi adding cow manure and Tween 80 as a surfactant), moreover, one combined treatment without culture of plant was added to the test. After the end of the experiment, which prolonged four months, the indicators of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), soil enzymes health indices (dehydrogenase, urease and catalase), soil biological indices (basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration) and plant growth indices (shoot and root dry weight and crown number) were measured. Regarding the results of plant growth and its matching to the rate of degradation of oil hydrocarbons, it was observed that Tall fescue plant, inoculated with mycorrhizal-likefungus, had the ability to decompose oil compounds by 68%, and non-inoculated Tallfescue was able to degrade the 43% of petroleum hydrocarbons. Agropyron inoculated with bacterial consortium had 66% ability of TPH degradation and Agropyron without inoculum was able to degrade the 53% of petroleum hydrocarbons. The activity of dehydrogenase and urease enzymes was high in the first week of the experiment and decreased significantly after 4 months, and in contrast to catalase activity was lower in the first week and increased at the end of the experiment.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agropyron
  • Oil Contaminated Soil
  • Phytoremediation
  • Tall fescue
  • TPH

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 29، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 285-300

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