ارزیابی و مقایسه پایداری بوم‌نظام‌های کشت گندم و ذرت (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سنجابی استان کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی

2 پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

این بررسی باهدف ارزیابی پایداری بوم‌نظام‌های کشت گندم و ذرت در بازه زمانی سال 1393 تا سال 1395 در بخش سنجابی شهرستان کرمانشاه اجرا شد. روش پژوهش پیمایشی و ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه بود،  که از طریق مصاحبه با کشاورزان منطقه تکمیل گردید. پرسشنامه‌ها در قالب طیف لیکرت و به‌صورت پرسش‌هایی با پاسخ چندگزینه‌ای و بسته تدوین شدند. بر اساس جامعه هدف و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد نمونه برای جامعه آماری ذرت‌کاران و گندم‌کاران به ترتیب 56 و 92 فرد به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که بوم‌نظام‌های گندم آبی و ذرت به ترتیب ازنظر مؤلفه‌های زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی برتری معنی‌داری داشتند، ولی از نظر اجتماعی اختلاف معنی‌داری میان دو سامانه مشاهده نشد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که تنها ۴/۴ درصد از مزارع گندم و 1/8 درصد مزارع ذرت در منطقه وضعیت کشاورزی پایدار داشتند. درمجموع، برتری نسبی مزارع ذرت نسبت به مزارع گندم در شاخص‌های اقتصادی سبب شده است که مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی کشت ذرت در منطقه در نظر گرفته نشود. هرچند درصورت‌ در نظر گرفتن بهره‌وری آب، پایداری اقتصادی کشت ذرت نیز بسیار کاهش خواهد یافت. در نهایت، بهره‌گیری از روش‌های غیر شیمیایی آفات و علف‌های هرز به ترتیب در بوم‌نظام‌های ذرت و گندم می‌تواند تا حد زیادی در افزایش پایداری این بوم‌نظام‌ها سهیم باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Sustainability and Comparison of Wheat and Maize Agroecosystems (Case Study: Sanjabi Region, Kermanshah Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Noori 1
  • Mahmud Khoramivafa 1
  • Farzad Mondani 1
  • Hadi Veysi 2
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the evaluation the sustainability of the wheat and maize agroecosystems in Sanjabi area in Kermanshah province in the period from 2014 to 2016. The study carried out as survey method and research tool was questionnaires. The questionnaires were developed based on Likert scale as closed and multiple choice questions that filled by interview. Sample amount were 56 and 92 for wheat and maize farmers respectively based on the target community and Cochran formula. The results showed that the wheat and maize agroecosystems were better in environmental and economic indices significantly. However there was no significant difference between agroecosystems in social factors. The results showed that only 4.4 and 8.1 percent of wheat and maize farms were managed as sustainable. In general, the relative advantages of maize farms in economic indices compare to wheat farms resulted in forget the environmental hazards of maize cultivation. However, the maize economic sustainability reduces strongly if water productivity is considered. Finally, non chemical methods of weed management and pest control may result in higher sustainability in maize and wheat agroecosytems respectively.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereal
  • Environment
  • Productivity
  • Survey Research
  • Sustainable Agriculture
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