بررسی سودمندی و کیفیت محصول تولیدی در کشت مخلوط کلزا (Brassica napus L.) و نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تأثیر نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

    از کشت مخلوط به‌عنوان ابزاری سودمند جهت ارتقاء بهره­برداری از منابع زیست‌محیطی موجود، در مقایسه با بوم نظام‌های زراعی کشت خالص یاد شده است. ازاین‌رو، پژوهشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران در سال زراعی 1394 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل الگوی کشت خالص کلزا و کشت مخلوط با نخود و چهار سطح نیتروژن شامل صفر، 40، 80 و 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بودند. نخود نیز در دو حالت عدم مصرف نیتروژن و با مصرف 40 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌صورت خالص کشت شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نیتروژن و الگوی کشت بر صفات کلزا معنی­دار بود، ولی اثر متقابل آن­ها معنی­دار نبود. بیشترین مقادیر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص کلروفیل، فتوسنتز، عملکرد دانه (304 گرم در مترمربع) و عملکرد روغن کلزا (129 گرم در مترمربع) با مصرف 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با سطح کودی 80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به­دست آمد. کشت خالص کلزا نیز از نظر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی به استثنای شاخص کلروفیل برگ در بالاترین سطح قرار گرفت. همچنین، کشت خالص نخود با دریافت 40 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بدون تفاوت معنی­دار با عدم مصرف نیتروژن، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و پروتئین (به­ترتیب 192 و 71 گرم در مترمربع) را داشت. کشت مخلوط عملکرد دانه کلزا و نخود را کاهش داد ولی شاخص­های مختلف، سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به خالص را تأیید کردند. در تمام کشت­های مخلوط، نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک بود. همچنین، عملکرد معادل کلزا در کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود. کشت مخلوط کلزا - نخود با مصرف 120-80  کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، بیشترین کارایی استفاده از زمین و سودمندی را داشت.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Advantage and Yield Quality in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Intercropping under Nitrogen Fertilizer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Davoodian 1
  • Javad Hamzei 2
چکیده [English]

       Intercropping has been mentioned as a useful tool for improving the utilization of existing environmental resources in comparison with sole cropping systems. Hence, this research was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran during 2015 cropping year. The treatments included cropping patterns (rapeseed sole crop and intercropping of rapeseed with chickpea) and nitrogen rates in four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg nitrogen.ha-1). Chickpea was cropped as sole crop without nitrogen consumption and with consumption of 40 kg N.ha-1. Traits of yield and yield components, leaf chlorophyll index, photosynthesis rate for chickpea and rapeseed, as well as rapeseed equivalent yield (REY) and intercropping indices were measured and evaluated. The effect of nitrogen and planting pattern on rapeseed traits were significant, but nitrogen×planting pattern interaction was not significant for rapeseed traits. Between N rates treatments, the maximum values for yield components, biological yield, chlorophyll index, photosynthesis rate, grain yield (304 g.m-2) and oil yield (129 g.m-2) were obtained with 120 kg nitrogen.ha-1. However, 120 and 80 kg N treatments were not significantly different for rapeseed traits. Also, rapeseed sole cropping had the highest values of above mentioned traits except for chlorophyll index. Chickpea sole cropping with consumption of 40 kg N without significant difference with non-nitrogen application had the highest seed and protein yields (192 and 71   g.m-2, respectively). Rapeseed and chickpea yields decreased in intercropping systems, but different indices showed more usefulness of intercropping compared to sole cropping. In all intercropping treatments, LER was >1. Also, REY was higher in intercropping than sole cropping. Rapeseed-chickpea intercropping with consumption of 80-120 kg N.ha-1 had the highest LER and it was useful.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intercropping Advantage
  • Land Equivalent Ratio
  • Protein
  • Quality
  • Rapeseed Oil
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