تأثیر قارچ‌های Piriformospora indica و Trichoderma harzianum بر صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita) در سطوح مختلف فسفر و آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت (فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی)، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

       به منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌های (Pi) Piriformospora indica و (Th) Trichoderma harzianumبرصفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس نعناع فلفلی در سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و آبیاری، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 97-1396 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آبیاری 40 و 80 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر در کرت‌های اصلی و ترکیبات دو فاکتور کود شیمیایی فسفر (صفر، 50 و 100 درصد نیاز گیاه بر اساس آنالیز خاک) و کاربرد قارچ بصورت عدم کاربرد، کاربرد Pi، کاربرد قارچ Ti و کاربرد توأم دو قارچ در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که تمامی اثرات ساده فاکتورها بر صفات بررسی شده بجز آبیاری بر طول ریشه و کود فسفر و قارچ بر درصد اسانس معنی‌دار گردید. همچنین اثرات متقابل آبیاری و کود تنها بر طول ریشه و سایر اثرات متقابل تنها بر ارتفاع بوته معنی‌داری بودند. مقایسات میانگین نیز نشان داد که بیشترین میزان وزن خشک در سطوح آبیاری، کود فسفر و مصرف قارچ، بترتیب در تیمارهای آبیاری 40 میلیمتر تبخیر، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر و مصرف توأم دو قارچ بترتیب 1867، 1980 و 1824 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. میزان درصد اسانس در آبیاری 80 میلیمتر تبخیر برابر 13/2% بود که 33% افزایش نسبت به تیمار 40 میلیمتر تبخیر نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس در تیمارهای آبیاری 80 میلیمتر تبخیر، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر و مصرف توأم دو قارچ بترتیب 1/34، 1/37 و 2/34 گرم در متر مربع بدست آمد. میزان افزایش عملکرد اسانس در هر یک از سطوح اشاره شده نسبت به تیمار شاهد مربوطه، بترتیب برابر 14، 33 و 16% بود. کود فسفر و مصرف منفرد یا توأم قارچ باعث کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی روی ارتفاع بوته نعناع فلفلی شد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Piriformospora indica and Trichoderma harzianum on Morphological Characteristics, Yield and Essential Oil of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) at Different Amount of Phosphorus and Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Vafayi Rostami 1
  • Rahmat Abbasi 2
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 3
  • Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou 4
چکیده [English]

      In order to investigate the application of Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Trichoderma harzianum (Th) fungi on morphological characteristics, yield and essential oil of Peppermint at different amount of phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation, a split factorial experiment at Research Farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources was conducted. Irrigation treatments as 40 and 80 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan and combination of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50 and 100% of the plant requirement based on soil analysis) and the application of the fungus (non-application, Pi, Th and Pi + Th) were main and subplots, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that all of the simple effects of three factors were significant on the studied traits (except drought stress on root length, phosphorus and fungi on essential oil percentage). Also, the interaction effects of stress and fertilizer on root length and other interactions only had a significant effect on plant height. Mean comparisons showed that the highest dry weight at levels of drought stress, phosphorous fertilizer and fungus application was observed in 40 mm evaporation, 100 kg ha-1 and combined application of two fungi (1867, 1980 and 1824 kg.ha-1, respectively). The essential oil percentage at 80 mm evaporation was 2.13%, which increased by 33% compared to 40 mm evaporation treatment. Also, the highest yield of essential oil was observed in 80 mm evaporation, 100 kg.ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer and combined application of two fungi (34.1, 37.1 and 34.2 g.m-2, respectively). The value of increasing essential oil yield at considered levels compared with this check treat was 14, 33 and 16%, respectively. Phosphorus fertilizer and single and combined application of two fungi reduced the negative effects of drought stress on plant height of peppermint.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential Oil
  • Fertilizer
  • Irrigation
  • Peppermint
  • Trichoderma
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