اثر خاک‌‌ورزی حفاظتی و کشت مخلوط با لوبیا و سویا بر رقابت علف‌‌های هرز، پتانسیل تولید و کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

برای افزایش قدرت رقابتی آفتابگردان با علف­های هرز، پتانسیل تولید و کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن از طریق کشت مخلوط با لوبیا و سویا تحت سیستم خاک­ورزی حفاظتی،آزمایشی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان طی دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. خاک­ورزی شامل خاک­ورزی مرسوم، خاک­ورزی با چیزل و خاک­ورزی با دیسک و الگوهای مختلف کاشت بصورت کشت خالص آفتابگردان با وجین علف­های­هرز، کشت خالص آفتابگردان بدون وجین علف­های­هرز، کشت­های مخلوط افزایشی 30، 60 و 90 درصد لوبیا با آفتابگردان و کشت­های مخلوط افزایشی 30، 60 و 90 درصد سویا با آفتابگردان به­ترتیب به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و فرعی بودند. بیشترین مقادیر تراکم و بیوماس کل علف­های­هرز در تیمارهای خاک­ورزی کاهش یافته و کشت خالص مشاهده شد. ولی، خاک­ورزی مرسوم و سیستم کشت مخلوط توانستند تراکم و بیوماس علف­های­هرز غالب مانند تاج­خروس، چسبک و پیچک را کاهش دهند. با توجه به افزایش عملکرد کل کشت مخلوط (مجموع عملکرد گیاه اصلی و همراه) این سیستم­ها کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن را در مقایسه با کشت خالص آفتابگردان بدون وجین افزایش دادند. بر اساس نتیجه حاصل از این تحقیق، کشت­های مخلوط در تراکم­های بیش از 30 درصد لوبیا یا سویا با آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کشت خالص، سودمندی کشت مخلوط را نشان دادند. بنابراین، نتایج آزمایش حاضر بیانگر این است که در شرایط مشابه، کاربرد ترکیبی خاک­ورزی حفاظتی و کشت مخلوط در زراعت آفتابگردان می­تواند مدیریت علف­های­هرز را بهبود بخشیده و عملکرد اقتصادی و کارایی استفاده از زمین را در مقایسه با تک کشتی آفتابگردان در خاک­ورزی مرسوم افزایش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Conservation Tillage and Intercropping with Beans and Soybeans on Weed Competition, Production Potential and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sunflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen Seyedi 1
  • Javad Hamzei 2
چکیده [English]

For increasing sunflower competitiveness to weeds, potential of production and water-nitrogen use efficiency through intercropping of bean and soybean under conservation tillage system, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Experiments were conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Tillage as conventional tillage, reduced tillage by chisel and reduced tillage by disc) and different planting patterns :sunflower sole cropping with weeding, sunflower sole cropping without weeding, additive intercroppings of 30, 60 and 90%bean, as well as 30, 60 and 90%soybean with sunflower were considered as main plots and sub-plots, respectively. Results showed that the highest total weed density and biomass values were observed at reduced tillage and sole cropping treatments. However, conventional tillage and intercropping system were able to decrease density and biomass of dominant weeds, such as pigweed, foxtail and bindweed. Considering to the increasing total yield of intercropping (the sum of the yield of main and associated plants), these systems increased water and nitrogen use efficiency in comparison with sunflower sole cropping without weeding. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to measure efficiency of intercropping compared to sole cropping. Based on our findings, >30%bean: sunflower or >30%soybean: sunflower combination showed grain yield advantage (LER>1). In conclusion, our results suggest that under similar and favorable conditions, applying a combination of conservation tillage and intercropping to sunflower cultivation can improve weed management and increase the economical yield and land use efficiency when compared to sunflower sole crop under conventional tillage.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition
  • Grain Yield
  • Intercropping Indices
  • Land Efficiency
  • Tillage
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