تأثیر کود اوره، ورمی‌کمپوست و آزوکمپوست بر برخی صفات ارقام ذرت شیرین تحت تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

به منظور بررسی برخی خصوصیات سه رقم ذرت شیرین (Zea mays var. saccharata)، تحت تأثیر کاربرد انواع کود و تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله زایشی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به صورت فاکتوریل اسپیلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای رژیم آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 25، 40 و 55 درصد آب قابل استفاده و سه رقم بیسین، پشن و KSC403 در کرت‌های اصلی و کوددهی شامل اوره (116 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، آزوکمپوست (15497 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و ورمی­کمپوست (24223 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین وزن تر بلال (8/263 گرم در متر مربع) در شرایط ­آبیاری مطلوب مشاهده شد. عملکرد دانه فقط تحت تأثیر کوددهی معنادار (05/0p≤)  شد. کاربرد کود اوره موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه شد درحالی‌که استفاده از کود آلی آزوکمپوست آن را کاهش داد. وزن تر بلال در رقم پشن بیش‌ترین مقدار را دارا بود و در رقم KSC403 این صفات کمترین مقادیر را نشان دادند. در تنش شدید آبی رقم پشن و در آبیاری مطلوب و تنش متوسط آبی رقم بیسین بیش‌ترین وزن تر بلال را به خود اختصاص داد و رقم KSC403 در تمام رژیم­های آبی کمترین مقدار را نشان داد. بیش‌ترین مقدار کلروفیل a و b به ترتیب با 74/1 و 47/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر برگ از آبیاری مطلوب به دست آمد. کود ورمی­کمپوست در شرایط تنش شدید آبی (تنها 4 درصد کاهش نسبت به شاهد) و کود اوره در تنش متوسط آبی (حدود 13 درصد بیش‌تر از شاهد) توانسته اثر کمبود آب را در رقم پشن تا حدودی کنترل کند و باعث افزایش وزن تر بلال شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Urea, Vermicompost and Azocompost on Some Traits of Sweet corn Cultivars under Water Deficit Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Rahimi Gavdanehgodari
  • Mohammad Ali Mohammad Modarres-SanavyModares
  • Majid Aghaalikhani
  • Ali Heidarzadeh
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate some characteristics of three sweet maize varieties under application of various fertilizers and water deficit stress at the reproductive stage, a field experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University during the 2016 growing season. The experiment was performed at three replications with the Factorial Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design. Factors of irrigation regimes as irrigation after discharging 25, 40 and 55% of water used and cultivars (Basin, Passion and KSC403) in the main plot and fertilization included urea (116 kg.ha-1), azocompost (15497 kg.ha-1) and vermicompost (24223 kg.ha-1) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest ear fresh weight (236.77 g.m-2) was observed in optimum irrigation conditions. Grain yield was significantly affected only by fertilization (p≤0.05). The application of urea fertilizer increased grain yield, while the use of azocompost decreased it. The highest and lowest ear fresh weight were obtained in Passion and KSC403 cultivars, respectively. Passion cultivar in severe water stress and Basin cultivar in moderate water stress and optimum irrigation was produced the highest ear fresh weight and KSCO403 cultivar showed the lowest amount in all irrigation regimes. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and b were obtained with 1.74 and 0.47 mg.g-1 fresh weight, respectively, from optimal irrigation. Vermicompost (only 4% decrease compared to control) and urea, (about 13% more than control) respectively, under sever water stress and moderate water stress conditions, somewhat controlled the effect of water shortage in Passion cultivar and increased the ear fresh weight.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azocompost
  • Irrigation regimes
  • Sweet corn cultivars
  • Vermicompost
  • Yield
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