اثر کودهای بیولوژیک و نانو اکسید آهن و روی بر عملکرد کوانتومی و روند پر شدن دانه گندم در شرایط شوری خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 زراعت (فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی)، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

        به­منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و نانو اکسید آهن و روی بر روند تغییرات برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و پارامترهای پر شدن دانه­ی گندم در شرایط شوری خاک، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1393 اجرا شد.  عوامل شامل شوری خاک در سه سطح عدم اعمال شوری به عنوان شاهد و شوری­ 25 و50 میلی­مولار در خاک با استفاده از نمک NaCl، تلقیح بذر با باکتری­های محرک رشد در چهار سطح عدم تلقیح، تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم استرین 5، آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم سویه OF و سودوموناس پوتیدا استرین 186 و محلول پاشی در چهار سطح بدون نانواکسید یا محلول پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد، کاربرد نانو اکسید آهن، نانواکسید روی و نانواکسید آهن با روی به نسبت 5/1 گرم در لیتر را شامل می­شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­ترین مولفه­های پر شدن دانه همچون حداکثر وزن دانه (049/0 گرم)، سرعت پر شدن دانه (00172/0 گرم در روز)، طول دوره (85/52 روز) و دوره­ی موثر پر شدن دانه (18/39 روز) در شرایط عدم اعمال شوری، تلقیح بذر با سودوموناس و محلول پاشی توأم نانواکسید آهن و روی بدست آمد. نتایج مشابهی نیز در شاخص کلروفیل و عمکلرد کوانتومی بدست آمد. کاربرد نانواکسید آهن و روی عملکرد دانه را 4/17 درصد در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آنها در بالاترین سطح شوری افزایش داد. از این رو به نظر می رسد که کودهای زیستی و نانواکسید آهن و روی می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط شوری خاک استفاده شود.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Biofertilizers, Nano Zn Oxide and Nano Fe Oxide on Quantum Yield and Variation of Grain Filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Soil Salinity Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khadije Babaie 1
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 2
  • Alireza Pirzad 3
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and bio fertilizer on variation of some physiological traits and grain filling parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2015. Treatments were included soil  salinity in three levels,  no-salt or control, salinity 25 and 50 mM respectively, by NaCl, seed inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at four levels, no bio fertilizer (F1), seed inoculation by Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5 (F2), Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF (F3), Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (F4) and foliar application at four levels, without nano or foliar application by water as control, application of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and nano Fe-Zn oxide 1.5 g.lit-1). The results showed that the maximum grain filling components such as maximum of grain weight (0.049 g), grain filling rate (0.00172 g.day-1), grain filling period (52.85 days) and effective grain filling period (39.18 days) were obtained in no salinity, application of nano Zn-Fe oxide and seed inoculation by Pseudomonas. Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll index and quantum yield. Application of nano Zn-Fe oxide increased about 17.40% from grain yield in comparison with no application of nano oxide in the highest salinity level. Generally, it seems that bio fertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide can be used as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
  • Seed Inoculation
  • Nano Particle
  • Wheat
  • Stress
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