تاثیر برخی گونه های قارچ تریکودرما و میکوریز بر ویژگی های رشدی و عملکرد دانه شوید (Anethum graveolens L.) در شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

کشت گیاهان دارویی و معطر همانند شوید از دیرباز دارای جایگاه ویژه‌ای بوده است. از طرفی، سیستم ‌های کشاورزی اکولوژیک و کم‌نهاده می‌توانند باعث توسعه کشاورزی پایدار و حفظ سلامت محیط‌زیست گردند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد شوید در شرایط گلخانه‌ای با استفاده از چندین گونه از قارچ‌های میکوریز و تریکودرما و نیز مقایسه برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و اجزای عملکرد دانه این گیاه انجام شد. به همین منظور، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. برای انجام این آزمایش، ریشه دو گونه شوید محلی تبریز و رقم لانگ ایلند ماموت با مایه تلقیح تهیه شده از جدایه‌های دو گونه قارچ تریکودرما Trichoderma harzianum Na-1ac) و(T. longibrachiatum BZ4-4 و دو گونه قارچ میکوریز Glomus intraradices) و(G. versiforme  تیمار شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر قارچ بر وزن تر و خشک ساقه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، شاخص کلروفیل، و درصد کلونیزاسیون معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثرات رقم و قارچ بر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد چترک در چتر، عملکرد دانه در تک بوته، و تعداد شاخه فرعی در تک بوته به صورت معنی‌دار باعث افزایش این شاخصه‌ها شد. اثرات متقابل رقم × قارچ نیز بر تعداد شاخه فرعی در تک بوته و عملکرد دانه در تک بوته معنی‌دار بود و باعث افزایش آنها گردید. همچنین نتایج مقایسه میانگین بین دو گونه قارچ میکوریز نشان داد که درصد کلونیزاسیون قارچ G.intraradices بطور معنی‌دار بیشتر از درصد کلونیزاسیون در قارچ G. versiforme  بود. حالت اندوفیتی قارچ تریکودرما و پیشرفت قارچ در بافت‌های مختلف گیاه، فقط در بخش ریشه گیاه شوید مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج مقایسه دو جنس قارچ در مورد بیشتر صفات نشان دهنده اختلاف معنی‌دار بین آنها بود و قارچ جنس Trichoderma از نظر بیشتر صفات اندازه گیری شده برتر از جنس Glomus بود. در نهایت نتایج مشخص کرد که استفاده از قارچ های تریکودرما و میکوریز در مقاسیه با شاهد می‌تواند ابزار موثری برای افزایش صفات رشدی باشد، و کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما به شکل موثرتری به عنوان یک روش طبیعی جهت بهبود رشد در گیاه شوید را ارایه نماید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of some Trichoderma and Mycorrhizal Fungai Species on Growth Properties and Grain Yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Hatef Heris 1
  • Saied Zehtab Salamsi 1
  • Mahdi Arzanlou 2
چکیده [English]

Since many times the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic herbs has been a special place in Iran's agricultural systems. On the other hand, ecological farming and low input systems can promote sustainable agriculture and environmental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of several species mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma in the rhizosphere on some of the crop characteristics of dill plant, in greenhouse conditions using. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Horticulture Department, faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. For instance the roots of two Anethum graveolens (Dill) species i.e. Tabriz local A. graveolens and Long Island of Mammoth, were treated with the inoculums provided of Trichoderma isolates (Trichoderma harzianum Na-1ac and T. longibrachiatum BZ4-4) and two species of Mycorrhiza fungus (Glomus intraradices and G. versiforme). The results of this study showed that the significant incrementing effect of fungi on shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll index and colonization. Also, the effects of cultivars and fungi on traits such as plant height, number of umbelle in umbelete, grain yield in each plant and number of branches in each plant were significant. Interaction of cultivar and fungus were also significant on the number of branches in each plant and grain yield in each plant and increased them. Also, the results results indicated that the percentage of colonization in G.intraradices was significantly higher than in G. versiforme. The investigation of the endophytic state of Trichoderma and the progress of the fungus in various tissues of the plant were detected only in the plant root portion of the. Also the comparing result between two genera showed significant difference in most traits and Trichoderma was better than Glomus in most of the measured traits. Finally, our results indicated that the use of Trichoderma and mycorrhizal fungus in comparison with the control can be an effective tool for increasing of the growth characters and the use of Trichoderma more effectively presence a natural method to improve the growth of the plant.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilaizer
  • Dill
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Medicinal Herbs
  • Trichoderma

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 30، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 191-209

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