اثر کودهای نیتروکسین و اوره بر روی برخی صفات کمی و کیفی علوفه حاصل از کشت مخلوط ذرت و شنبلیله در خراسان جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی، تلفیقی و شیمیایی و تاثیر الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط ذرت و شنبلیله روی برخی ازصفات کمی و کیفی علوفه، پژوهشی به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1395 در منطقه خضری دشت بیاض استان خراسان جنوبی، اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سطوح کودی در پنج سطح بدون کوددهی، مصرف 100 درصد کود شیمیایی اوره، مصرف 50 درصد کود شیمیایی اوره، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، کود نیتروکسین و50درصد کود شیمیایی توصیه شده و فاکتور فرعی شامل الگوهای کشت در شش سطح کشت خالص شنبلیله و ذرت، 100 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد شنبلیله، 100 درصد ذرت + 50 درصد شنبلیله، 100 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد شنبلیله و 100 درصد ذرت + 100 درصد شنبلیله بودند. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، عملکرد وزن تر و خشک ذرت در سطح یک درصد تحت تاثیر معنی­دار تیمار کود­دهی، الگوی کشت و ترکیب تیماری انواع کوددهی و الگوی کشت و عملکرد وزن خشک شنبلیله در سطح یک درصد، تحت تاثیر معنی­دار الگوی کشت و ترکیب تیماری انواع کوددهی و الگوی کشت قرار گرفت. تاثیر الگوی کشت و ترکیب تیماری انواع کود و الگوی کشت در سطح یک درصد بر صفات کیفی اندازه­گیری شده علوفه معنی­دار بود. تاثیر انواع کود­ در سطح یک درصد بر درصد فیبر علوفه و در سطح پنج درصد بر انرژی ویژه شیردهی علوفه معنی­دار بود. بررسی شاخص­های کیفی علوفه نشان داد بیشترین درصد خاکستر علوفه (15/7) از کشت خالص شنبلیله با کاربرد 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن، بیشترین میزان انرژی ویژه شیردهی (92/1 مگا کالری بر کیلوگرم) از کشت خالص شنبلیله با کاربرد کود زیستی و بیشترین درصد قند محلول در آب (95/30) از کشت خالص ذرت بدون کوددهی حاصل شد. نتایج نشان داد که وجود شنبلیله در الگوی کشت، باعث بهبود کیفیت علوفه شده و در مجموع، الگوهای کشت ذرت + 75 درصد شنبلیله و ذرت + 100 درصد شنبلیله با کاربرد کوددهی تلفیقی می­تواند روش جایگزین مناسبی برای تک­کشتی ذرت در منطقه محسوب شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nitroxin and Urea Fertilizers on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Corn and Fenugreek Forage based on Additive Intercropping in South Khorasan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Shafagi 1
  • Hamid Abbas Dokht 2
  • Manouchehr Gholipoor 2
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of bio, Integrated and chemical fertilizers and inter cropping patterns on some qualitative and quantitative forage traits, a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in South Khorasan in 2016. The main factor in five fertilizer levels including no fertilizer, 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer, 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer, nitroxin fertilizer, combined nitroxin fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and sub factor in six levels including pure fenugreek, pure maize, additive mixture of 100% maize + 25% , 50% ,75% and 100% of fenugreek were considered.According to the results, fresh and dry weight of maize were significantly affected by fertilizer treatment, cropping pattern and treatment composition of fertilizers and cropping pattern at 1%  level. Dry weight of fenugreek was significantly affected by pattern, cultivation and treatment composition of different types of fertilizer and culture pattern at 1% level. The effect of culture pattern and treatment composition of fertilizers and planting pattern on forage quality traits were significant at 1% level. The effect of different types of fertilizers was significant at 1% level on forage fiber and that was significant at 5% level on specific net energy of lactation. The highest percentage of ash (7.15%) was observed in pure fenugreek culture with 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer. The highest specific net energy lactation (1.92 Mcal.kg-1) was observed in pure fenugreek culture with biofertilizer application and the highest water soluble carbohydrate (30.95%) was observed in pure maize without fertilization. The results of qualitative forage traits analysis showed that the presence of fenugreek in forage composition improves the quality of forage. Based on the study, maize + 75% fenugreek and maize + 100% fenugreek cultivation patterns applied by combined fertilization method, can be a good alternative to corn cultivation in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive Intercropping
  • Bio Fertilizer
  • Cropping Pattern
  • Integrated Nutrition
  • Nutrition Specific Energy
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