تأثیر کاربرد کودهای دامی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، استان آذربایجان شرقی

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی تأثیر کود­های زیستی، دامی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1392-1393 به­‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی اجرا گردید. عامل اول سطوح کودی شاهد، شیمیایی (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به­ترتیب با مقادیر، 165، 70 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، نیتروکسین + فسفاته بارور2، سوپرنیتروپلاس + فسفاته بارور2، کود دامی + فسفاته بارور2 و تلفیقی (نیتروکسین + سوپرنیتروپلاس + کود دامی + فسفاته بارور2) و عامل دوم ارقام گندم اروم و سواسون بودند. نتایج نشان داد در صفت تعداد دانه در سنبله رقم اروم و در وزن هزاردانه رقم سواسون برتر بود. بیشترین تعداد دانه در سنبه با کاربرد کود شیمیایی بدون تفاوت معنی­دار با سایر تیمارهای کودی به­دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی در تیمارهای شیمیایی (12530 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تلفیقی (12490 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با یکدیگر به­دست آمدند که به­طور میانگین افزایش 75/11 درصدی را نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای کاربرد تلفیقی در رقم سواسون (5335 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی (5228 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تلفیقی (4782 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در رقم اروم بدون تفاوت معنی­دار با همدیگر به­دست آمد که به­طور میانگین افزایش 2/72 درصدی را نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. بیشترین درصد پروتئین برای تیمارهای تلفیقی (4/16 درصد)، نیتروکسین + فسفاته بارور2 (2/16درصد) و کود شیمیایی (16 درصد) برای رقم اروم ثبت شد. به‌طور کلی بین کاربرد کود شیمیایی و تلفیقی از کودهای آلی و زیستی در اکثر صفات از جمله عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و درصد پروتئین دانه تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، امکان جایگزینی کودهای شیمیایی با کودهای آلی و زیستی برای تولید گندم در یک سیستم کشاورزی پایدار یا ارگانیک وجود دارد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Farmyard, Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield, Yield Components and Some Morphological Characteristics of Wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yousef Nasiri 1
  • Seyed Ali Mousavizadeh 2
  • Mohammad Asadi 1
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of farmyard, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources in 2013-2014. The first factor was levels of fertilizers: control, chemical fertilizer, Nitroxin + Phosphate Barvar2, FYM + Phosphate Barvar 2, Supernitroplus + Phosphate Barvar2 and integrated treatment (Nitroxin+ Supernitroplus + FYM+ Phosphate Barvar 2) and second factor was Urom and Sovason as wheat varieties. Results showed that for number of spikelets per spike, Urom variety and for 1000 kernel weight, Sovason variety were superior. The highest number of grains per spike was obtained by chemical fertilizer application without significant differences with other fertilizer treatments and the highest biological yield was obtained in chemical fertilizer (12530 kg.ha-1) and integrated treatment (12490 kg.ha-1) without significant differences, which showed an increase of 11.75% on the average compared to the control. The highest grain yield was obtained in integrated treatment in Sovason variety (5335 kg.ha-1), chemical fertilizer (5228 kg.ha-1) and integrated treatment (4782 kg.ha-1) in Orum variety without significant difference, which showed an increase of 72.2% on the average compared to the control.  The highest protein percentage was recorded for integrated treatment (16.4%), Nitroxin + Phosphate Barvar (16.2%) and Fertilizer (16%) for Orum variety, respectively. In general, there was no significant difference between the application of chemical fertilizer and the integrated application of organic and biological fertilizers in many traits, including grain yield, yield components and protein percentage. Therefore, there is the possibility of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic and biological fertilizers for producing of wheat in a sustainable organic farming system.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azospirillium
  • Azotobacter
  • Grain yield
  • Organic manure
  • Phosphate Barvar 2
  • Protein
  • Wheat
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