کودهای زیستی در کشاورزی پایدار: نگاهی به تحقیقات کودهای زیستی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 اکوفیزیولوژی علف هرز، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

      بیش از یک قرن از ظهور کودهای زیستی در عرصه صنعت و کشاورزی دنیا می‌گذرد و افزون بر یک دهه از تولید آنها در کشور ایران سپری شده است. کودهای زیستی در کشاورزی پایدار و ارگانیک جایگاه مهمی دارند. براین اساس در این نوشتار سعی شده است تا با نگاهی بر تاریخچه کودهای زیستی و معرفی نمونه‌های متنوع آنها، مروری بر مکانیسم اثر آنها داشته باشیم و جایگاه و وضعیت آنها را در کشور بررسی کنیم. با این توضیح در این مقاله اشاره‌ای به کودهای زیستی نیتروژنی اعم از باکتری­های ریزوبیوم، ازتوباکترها، آزوسپیریلوم‌ها خواهد شد، سپس کودهای فسفاتی و حل‌کنندگان فسفات و سایر باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاه اعم از تولیدکنندگان هورمون‌های رشد، مولدان سایدروفور و باکتری­های آزادکننده پتاسیم از نظر خواهند گذشت. توجه به قارچ­های میکوریز از دید این مقاله پنهان نمانده است. اشاره‌ای مختصر به روش جداسازی گونه‌های مهم میکروبی با پتانسیل کاربرد در کودهای زیستی در انتهای هر بخش از مقاله مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پایان اشاره‌ای به تحقیقات انجام یافته و   استفاده از این کودها در آزمایشات مختلف و پیامد آنها بر رشد گیاهان و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biofertilizer in Sustainable Agriculture: Review on the Researches of Biofertilizers in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 1
  • Rohollah Amini 2
چکیده [English]

     More than one century ago, the first commercial product of biofertilizer was produced in the world and its production in Iran was initiated around 15 years ago. According to the importance of biofertilizers in the sustainable and organic agriculture, in this paper we try to review on the biofertilizer researches in Iran, especially to the mechanism of biofertilizers actions. This paper will focus on nitrogen biofertilizers mainly to the Rhizobia, Azotobacteria, Azospirilla as well as the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and potassium releasing bacteria (KRB). Attention to the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) is the other aspect of this study. The isolation methods of most important microorganisms with potential to being used as a biofertilizer are taken into consideration at the end of each section of this article. At the end, we considered results of some researches on application and effects of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality properties of plants in Iran.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Inoculum
  • Potassium Releasing Bacteria
  • Nitrogen Fixing
  • Phosohate Solubilizing
  • Biofertilizer
  • PGPR
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