اثر تاریخ و روش کاشت بر برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی و عملکرد گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum) تحت ‎تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 مهندسی تولیدات گیاهی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: نظر به اهمیت گاوزبان ایرانی به­عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین محصولات دارویی که در بسیاری از صنایع داروسازی، آرایشی و بهداشتی کاربرد دارد، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی همزمان اثرات تاریخ کاشت، روش کاشت و کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی مختلف بر برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گاوزبان ایرانی در شرایط مشهد انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‎ها: به‎منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ‎ و روش‎های کاشت مختلف بر برخی خصوصیات کیفی گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum) تحت‎تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی، پژوهشی در دو سال زراعی متوالی 91-1390 و 92-1391 در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد‌شده در قالب طرح پایه‌ی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. دو تاریخ کاشت مختلف (20 اسفندماه 1390 و 15 فروردین‌ماه 1391) در کرت‌های اصلی، سه نوع کود زیستی و شیمیایی مختلف میکوریزا (حاوی قارچ Glomus mosseae)، بیوسولفور (حاوی باکتری­های Thiobacillus spp.)، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و شاهد در کرت‌های فرعی و دو نوع روش کاشت بذرکاری مستقیم و نشاکاری در کرت‌های فرعی‌فرعی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‎ها: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد گل خشک در شرایط استفاده از میکوریزا در تاریخ کاشت اسفند و در روش بذرکاری بدست آمد. کاربرد کودهای میکوریزا، بیوسولفور و شیمیایی در شرایط نشاکاری گاوزبان ایرانی در تاریخ کاشت اسفند به­ترتیب منجر به افزایش 45، 42 و 35 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با شاهد شد. در تاریخ کاشت فروردین میزان فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی در روش بذرکاری بیشتر از روش نشاکاری بود. کاربرد کودهای میکوریزا و بیوسولفور میزان فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی را به‎ترتیب 18 و 35 درصد در روش بذرکاری و به­ترتیب 20 و 18 درصد در روش نشاکاری نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. استفاده از کود میکوریزا در تاریخ کاشت فروردین میزان آنتوسیانین کل را به­ترتیب 28 و 27 درصد در شرایط بذرکاری و نشاکاری نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد.
نتیجه‎گیری: به‎طور کلی با توجه به یافته‎های این پژوهش، روش کاشت به صورت بذرکاری در اسفند ماه با استفاده از نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار میکوریزا و بیوسولفور برای بهبود عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی گاوزبان ایرانی توصیه می‎گردد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Date and Method on Some Phytochemical Characteristics and Yield of Iranian Ox-Tongue (Echium amoenum) Affected by Bio and Chemical Fertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • MB Amiri 1
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 2
  • Mohsen Jahan 2
  • Negar Naseri Abkooh 3
  • Milad Salehabadi 3
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & Objective: Due to the importance of Iranian Ox-Tongue (Echium amoenum) as one of the most important pharmaceutical products used in many pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries, this study was done for simultaneous evaluation the effect of planting date and method and different biological and chemical fertilizers on some phytochemical characteristics of Iranian Ox-Tongue in Mashhad conditions.
 
Materials & Methods: A split split plots experiment based on RCBD design with three replications was conducted in 2011-2013 growing seasons, in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Two different planting dates (10 March 2011 and 4 April 2011), three different types of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, as mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), biosulfur, chemical fertilizer and control and two different types of planting methods (direct seeding and transplanting) assigned to main plots, sub plots and sub-sub plots, respectively.
 
Results: The results showed that the highest dry flower yield obtained in conditions of mycorrhiza application in March planting date and direct seeding. Application of mycorrhiza, biosulfur and chemical fertilizer in conditions of transplanting and March planting date increased seed yield 45, 42 and 35%, respectively. In April planting date antioxidant activity in direct seeding was more than transplanting. Application of mycorrhiza and biosulfur increased antioxidant activity 18 and 35% in direct seeding and 20 and 18% in transplanting compared to control, respectively. Mycorrhiza in April planting date increased total anthocyanin 28 and 27% in direct seeding and transplanting compared to control, respectively.
 
Conclusion: In general, according to the results of this research, the planting method of direct seeding in March and application of ecological inputs of mycorrhiza and biosulfur is recommended to improve the yield and qualitative characteristics of Iranian Ox-Tongue.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant Activity
  • Biosulfur
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Total Anthocyanin
  • Transplanting

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 30، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 1-19

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