نقش نیتروژن، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در بهبود عملکرد و شاخص‌های کیفی علوفه کنگر فرنگی (Cynara Scolymus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفها

4 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف : با توجه به زیان‌ها و پیامدهای‌ سوء مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و اثر مثبت کاربرد کودهای زیستی از جنبه­های اقتصادی و زیست محیطی، پژوهشی با هدف بررسی تأثیر این کودها بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه کنگرفرنگی در مرحله گلدهی به اجرا درآمد.
 
مواد و روش­ها : آزمایش طی دو سال متوالی (94-1393 و 95-1394) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اصفهان انجام شد. گیاهان در سال اول کود شیمیایی را در سه سطح توصیه شده بر اساس آزمون خاک با درصد­های 100، 50 و شاهد و کود زیستی در چهار سطح، فسفات بارور 2، نیتروکسین، فسفات بارور 2+ نیتروکسین و شاهد و در سال دوم کود نیتروژنی به نسبت 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار (در تیمارهای دارای کود شیمیایی) دریافت کردند.
 
یافته­ها : نتایج نشان داد که تیمار  100 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن تکمیلی در میان سطوح مختلف کود شیمیایی و سطح کود زیستی نیتروکسین+ فسفات بارور 2 در میان سطوح کود زیستی بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک (25/8 و 7/6 تن در هکتار) و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (31/27 و 23/25 درصد) را به خود اختصاص دادند. حداکثر پروتئین خام (85/12 درصد) و خاکستر (29/17 درصد) و حداقل میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (06/31 درصد)، در تیمار تلفیقی اثر باقیمانده 100 درصد کود شیمیایی به همراه تلقیح توأم بذور با کود زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور 2 + 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن تکمیلی به دست آمد. همچنین کاربرد کودهای زیستی باعث بهبود ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی گیاه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد.
 
نتیجه گیری : به طور کلی می­توان تیمار تلفیقی 100 درصد کود شیمیایی توصیه شده به همراه کود زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور 2 را برای تولید علوفه کنگرفرنگی پیشنهاد نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Bio-fertilizer in Improving Yield and Quality Indicators of Artichoke Fodder (Cynara Scolymus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marziyeh Allahdadi 1
  • Yaghoub Raei 2
  • Babak Bahreininejad 3
  • Akbar Taghizadeh 4
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & Objective: Considering the consequences of chemical fertilizers misuse and the positive effect of the biofertilizers application from economic and environmental aspects, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on morphological traits, yield and quality of artichoke forage at the flowering stage.
 
Materials & Methods: A factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Isfahan during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). Plants received chemical fertilizer at three levels as 100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer and control, and bio-fertilizer at four levels as control, inoculation with Nitroxin, Barvar 2 and inoculation with both bio-fertilizers in the first year and chemical fertilizer (100 kg N.ha-1 for chemical fertilizer treatments) in the second year.
 
Results: The results showed that residual effect of 100% chemical fertilizer + 100 kg N.ha-1 among different levels of chemical fertilizer and Nitroxin + Barvar 2, among biofertilizer levels had the highest dry forage yield (8.25 and 6.7 ton.ha-1) and digestibility of organic matter (27.31% and 25.23%), respectively. Maximum crude protein (12.85%) and ash (17.29%) and minimum neutral detergent fiber (31.06%) were obtained at 100% residual chemical fertilizer combined with Nitroxin and Barvar 2 + 100 kg N.ha-1. The application of biofertilizers also improved the morphological characteristics of the plant compared to the control treatment.
 
Conclusion:  In general, the combination of 100% chemical fertilizer with Nitroxin and Barvar 2 can be recommended for artichoke forage production.


کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crude Protein
  • Neutral Detergent Fiber
  • Nitroxin
  • Organic Matter Digestibility
  • Phosphate Barvar 2
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