تاثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی و میکوریزا بر عملکرد ارقام گلرنگ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد

3 گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: گلرنگ به دلیل داشتن کیفیــت بــالای روغــن دانــه و وجــود بــیش از ٩٠ درصــد اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع به عنوان گیاه روغنی با ارزشی مطرح می­باشد. تنش خشکی، مهمترین عامل محدود کننده عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در بسیاری از نقاط جهان از جمله ایران می­باشد. همزیستی با قارچ­های میکوریزا سبب افزایش رشد، بهبود عملکرد و بالا رفتن مقاومت گیاهان در برابر انواع تنش­های محیطی از جمله خشکی می­شود. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر همزیستی با میکوریزا بر میزان تحمل ارقام گلرنگ بهاره در سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی از طریق اندازه­گیری برخی صفات کمی و کیفی انجام گرفت.
 
مواد و روش­ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل-اسپلیت پلات، در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی هنرستان کشاورزی ارومیه در سال 1394 با 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی سه سطح آبیاری شامل آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید خشکی و میکوریزا بصورت عدم تلقیح (شاهد) و تلقیح با میکوریزا گونه Glomusmosseae و فاکتور فرعی شامل پنج رقم گلرنگ بهاره پدیده، گل مهر، گلدشت، صفحه و مکزیک بود.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد تنش خشکی شدید در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق، تعداد طبق در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد پروتئین را به ترتیب به میزان 29، 30، 33، 58، 62 و 63 درصد کاهش داد. تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در مقایسه با عدم تلقیح عملکرد دانه، شاخص کلروفیل، عملکرد پروتئین، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به ترتیب به میزان 14، 13، 14، 5 و 39 درصد افزایش داد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: یکی از روش­های به­زراعی جهت بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام مختلف گلرنگ بویژه تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، تلقیح با قارچ­های میکوریزا پیشنهاد می­گردد همچنین در هر سه شرایط مختلف آبیاری، در بین ارقام مورد بررسی رقم پدیده از نظر عملکرد برتر از سایر ارقام بود و این رقم برای کشت در این منطقه مناسب به­نظر می­رسد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Drought Stress and Mycorrhiza on Yield of Safflower Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Haghshenas 1
  • Soran Sharafi 2
  • Esmaeil Gholinezhad 3
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Objectives: Safflower is known as valuable oil plant due to its high quality of seed oil and the presence of more than 90% of unsaturated fatty acids. Drought stress is the most important factor limiting crop yields in many parts of the world, including Iran. Coexistence with mycorrhizal fungi increases growth, improves yield, and increases plant resistance to a variety of environmental stresses, including drought. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coexistence with mycorrhiza on the tolerance of spring safflower cultivars at different levels of drought stress by measuring some quantitative and qualitative traits.
 
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial-split plot based on randomized complete block design at research farm of Urmia agricultural high school during 2014 with three replications. The main plots (factor A and B) consisted of three levels of irrigation including optimum irrigation, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress and factor B included mycorrhiza in two levels: non-inoculation (control) and inoculation with mycorrhiza species Glomus mosseae. Sub plots (factor C) consisted of five spring safflower cultivars (Padideh, Gol Mehr, Goldasht, Safheh and Mexic).
 
Results: The results of variance analysis showed that Severe drought stress compared to optimum irrigation reduced 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per head, number of head per plant, seed yield, oil yield and protein yield by about 29, 30, 33,58, 62 and 63%, respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi compared to non-inoculation increased seed yield, chlorophyll index, protein yield, 1000-seed weight and biological yield by about 14, 13, 14, 5 and 39%, respectively.
 
Conclusion: One of the best methods for improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of safflower cultivars, especially under drought stress conditions, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Also, in all three different levels of drought stress conditions, among the cultivars studied, Padideh cultivar was superior to other cultivars for yield and this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in this area.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought Stress
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Oil
  • Protein
  • Safflower
  • Yield and Yield Components
  • Water Stress
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