برخی بازتاب‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک و زراعی چند رقم گلرنگ متحمل به شوری تحت تنش کمبود آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: مطالعه به­منظور شناسایی اثرات کمبود آب روی بازتاب­های اکوفیزیولوژیک و زراعی گلرنگ و معرفی صفات فیزیولوژیک مناسب برای  گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به­خشکی جهت کشت در اراضی شور و خشک انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش به­صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی دو سال زراعی (از 1396 تا 1398) اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی خشکی با دو سطح بدون تنش و تنش از مرحله گل‌دهی تا رسیدگی دانه و فاکتور فرعی شش ژنوتیپ­ متحمل به­شوری گلرنگ شامل پدیده، گل‌مهر، مکزیک14، مکزیک248، مکزیک295 و پرنیان بودند.
 
یافته­ها: عملکرد دانه، روغن و اجزای عملکرد همه ژنوتیپ­ها در اثر خشکی به­طور معنی­داری کاهش یافتند. مقادیر کلروفیل برگ، هدایت روزنه و مقدار نسبی آب برگ (RWC) بین ژنوتیپ­ها متفاوت بوده و در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش معنی­داری داشتند. هدایت روزنه و RWC با تعداد طبق در بوته و درصد روغن وRWC با عملکرد دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار داشتند. همچنین همبستگی تعداد طبق در بوته و تعداد دانه در طبق با همدیگر و با درصد روغن، عملکرد دانه و روغن مثبت و معنی­دار بوده و نقش تعیین کننده­ای در محصول­دهی داشتند. 
 
نتیجه­گیری: هدایت روزنه و RWC  توان بازتاب اثرات خشکی آخر فصل در گلرنگ را دارند و می­توانند برای گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به­خشکی به­کار روند. ژنوتیپ­های گل مهر، مکزیک14، مکزیک248 و مکزیک295 بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را در هر دو شرایط آبی داشته و برای کشت در اراضی شور حاشیه دریاچه اورمیه و مناطقی با اقلیم مشابه مناسب می­باشند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Some Eco-physiological and Agronomic Responses of Several Salinity Tolerant Safflower Varieties to Water Deficit Stress

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahman Pasban Eslam
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: The goals of study were to recognize the effects of water deficit on eco-physiological and agronomic responses of safflower and introducing drought tolerant genotypes to cultivate in saline and dry lands.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during two cropping seasons (2017-19). The experimental factors included drought stress as non-stressed and stressed from flowering to maturity and six safflower genotypes including Padideh, Golemehr, Mexico14, Mexico248, Mexico295 and Parnian.
 
Results: Seed and oil yields and yield components of genotypes decreased by drought. Water deficit stress decreased RWC, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll index significantly. Amounts of these characters were significantly different among genotypes. Correlations among studied traits were significant. Stomatal conductance and RWC indicated significant correlations with capitulum number per plant and oil percent. Also RWC indicated significant correlation with seed yield. Correlations among capitulum number per plant and grain number per capitulum with each other and seed oil percent, seed and oil yields, were positive and significant. These yield components had important role in productivity.
 
Conclusion: stomatal conductance and RWC are able to reflect the effects of late season drought stress on safflower and can be used to select drought-tolerant genotypes. Golemehr, Mexico14, Mexico248 and Mexico295 genotypes indicated higher seed and oil yields in both normal and drought conditions and were seen suitable to cultivate in saline areas around Ormieh lake and areas with similar climate.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf Chlorophyll Index
  • Leaf Temperatures
  • Oil Yield
  • Relative Water Content
  • Seed Yield
  • Stomatal Conductance
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