محلول‎پاشی سلنیوم و روی به منظور بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‎های کلزا در شرایط تاریخ‎های کشت رایج و تأخیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: به‎منظور بررسی پاسخ ژنوتیپ‎های کلزا به محلول‎پاشی ریزمغذی‎ها و تاریخ کاشت آزمایشی دو ساله (1395-1393) در کرج انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش‎ها: آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل-کرت خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول شامل سه تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر (رایج)، 25 مهر و 5 آبان (تأخیری)، عامل دوم شامل چهار سطح محلول‎پاشی با آب خالص (شاهد)، سلنیوم (5/1 درصد)، روی (5/1 درصد)، سلنیوم و روی (5/1 درصد)، و عامل سوم پنج ژنوتیپ اس دبلیو102، احمدی، جی کی اچ2624، جی کی-گابریلا و اکاپی بود. تاریخ کاشت و محلول‎پاشی به‎صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‎های اصلی و ژنوتیپها بصورت کرت خرد شده در کرت‎های فرعی قرار گرفتند.
 
یافته‎ها: تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، طول خورجین، وزن دانه، بیوماس، عملکرد دانه و روغن به‎طور معنی‎داری تحت تأثیر تاریخ کاشت، محلول‎پاشی و ژنوتیپ قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که در تیمارهای محلول‎پاشی بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن به ترتیب با 3692 و 1512 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به  محلول پاشی سلنیوم و روی بود. میانگین عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ‎های کلزا در تاریخ کاشت 25 مهر 7/45 و 49 درصد و در تاریخ کاشت 5 آبان 5/52 و 52 درصد نسبت به تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر کاهش یافتند.
 
نتیجه‎گیری: نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط اقلیمی کرج در تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر ژنوتیپ جی کی-گابریلا و در تاریخ‎های کاشت 25 مهر و 5 آبان ژنوتیپ جی کی اچ2624 با محلول‎پاشی سلنیوم و روی می‎توانند بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را تولید کنند.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Foliar Application of Selenium and Zn to Improve the Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed Genotypes under Conventional and Delayed Sowing Dates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Goharian 1
  • Amir Hosein Shirani Rad 2
  • Payam moaveni 1
  • Hamid Mozafari 1
  • Behzad Sani 1
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & Objective: A two-year trial (2014-2016) was carried out to investigate the response of rapeseed genotypes to foliar application and sowing date in Karaj, Iran.
 
Materials & Methods: Factorial-split plot arrangement of the treatments was set up as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of three sowing dates of 7 October (well-timed sowing) 17 October, and 27 October (delayed), the second factor consisted of four levels of foliar application with pure water (control), selenium (1.5%), Zn (1.5%), and selenium and Zn (1.5%), and the third factor was the five genotypes including Ahmadi, SW102, Okapi, GKH2624, and GK-Gabriella. Sowing date and foliar application were factorial in main plots and genotypes as split plot in subplots.
 
Results: Number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, length of silique, grain weight, biomass, and grain and oil yields were significantly affected by the sowing date, foliar application, and genotype. Among the foliar application treatments, results showed that the highest grain and oil yields with an average of 3692 and 1512 kg.ha-1 were related to selenium and Zn, respectively. The average grain and oil yields of rapeseed genotypes decreased by 45.7 and 49% on 17 October and by 52.5 and 52% on 27 October compared to 7 October.
 
Conclusion: The results indicated that GK-Gabriella genotype sown on 7 October and GKH2624 genotype sown on 17 and 27 October treated with selenium and Zn could produce the highest grain and oil yields under Karaj climate condition.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivar
  • Delayed Sowing
  • Grain Yield
  • Micronutrients
  • Oil Yield
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