اثر طول دوره تداخل علف‌های هرز بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و عملکرد سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 حشره شناسی دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: به منظور بررسی اثر طول دوره تداخل علف­های هرز بر برخی شاخص­های رشدی و عملکرد سیب­زمینی، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1396 در منطقة اردبیل اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایشی شامل 12 تیمار بود که شش تیمار کنترل علف­های هرز از شروع دوره رشد تا صفر، 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 روز پس از سبز شدن سیب­زمینی، که سپس به آن­ها تا زمان برداشت محصول اجازة رشد داده شد و سری دوم  تیمار شامل شش تیمار عدم کنترل علف­های هرز از شروع دوره رشد تا صفر، 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 روز پس از سبز شدن سیب­زمینی بود و سپس کنترل تا زمان برداشت صورت گرفت. صفات ماده خشک کل، شاخص سطح یرگ، دوام شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد شاخه­های فرعی، وزن متوسط غده و عملکرد­ غده سیب­زمینی اندازه­گیری شدند.
 
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تمامی صفات مورد بررسی تحت تاثیر طول دوره تداخل و طول دوره کنترل علف­های هرز قرار گرفتند. به­ طوری­ که طول دورة تداخل موجب افزایش وزن خشک کل علف­های هرز و طول دورة کنترل سبب کاهش وزن خشک کل علف­های هرز و متوسط وزن غدة سیب­زمینی شد. همچنین در اثر افزایش طول دورۀ تداخل علف­های ‌هرز، مادۀ خشک کل سیب­زمینی، شاخص سطح برگ، دوام شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد شاخه­های فرعی سیب­زمینی، متوسط وزن غدة سیب­زمینی و عملکرد غدة سیب­زمینی کاهش یافت. ماده خشک کل سیب­زمینی، شاخص سطح برگ، دوام شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد شاخه­های فرعی سیب­زمینی و عملکرد غدة سیب­زمینی در اثر طول دورة کنترل علف­های ‌هرز افزایش یافت.
 
نتیجه گیری: دوره بحرانی کنترل علف­های هرز و دوره بحــرانی تداخل علف­های هرز  با احتساب 10 درصد افت عملکرد به ترتیب، 18و 57 روز پس از سبز شدن سیب­زمینی بود. طول دورۀ تداخل علف­های هرز اثر معنی­داری بر عملکرد نهایی غدة سیب­زمینی داشته و با تداخل تمام فصل علف­های هرز عملکرد 7/59 درصد نسبت به کنترل کامل، کاهش نشان داد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Weed Interference Duration on Some Growth Parameters and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghorban Didehbaz Moghanlo 1
  • Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim 2
  • Masoud Chamani 3
  • Javid Emaratpardaz 4
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: In order to investigate the weed interference duration on some growth parameters and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2017 in Ardabil region.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was included twelve treatments; six weed-infested and six weed-free treatments were applied at regular intervals (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after potato emergence in which weeds were allowed to grow until harvest and weeds were removed, respectively. Total dry matter (TDM),leaf area index (LAI), leaf area index duration, number of branches, mean tuber weight and tuberyield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were measured.
 
Results: The results showed that all measured traits were affected by weed interference duration and weed control period. Weed interference duration increased total dry weight of weeds and weed-free duration reduced total dry weight of weeds and mean tuber weight. Also, increase in weeds interference duration significantly reduced total dry matter, leaf area index, leaf area index duration, number of branches, mean tuber weight and tuber yield of potato. On the other hand, total dry matter, leaf area index, leaf area index duration, number of branches and tuber yield of potato increased by increased weed-free duration.
 
Conclusion:Considering of 10% yield loss, the critical period of weed control was 18 and 57 days after potato emergence, respectively. The weed interference duration had a significant effect on the final yield of potato tubers and the interference duration through whole season caused 59.7% yield loss as compared to the control.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition
  • Dry Weight
  • Leaf Area Index
  • Potato
  • Tuber Yield
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