ارزیابی انرژی ورودی- خروجی در کشت گندم درکشت و صنعت مزارع نوین ایرانیان (آق قلا گلستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: بهره­وری انرژی در کشت گندم در شرکت مزارع نوین ایرانیان که از مناطق عمده کشت گندم در استان گلستان است مطالعه شد. هدف مقایسه روش تولید متداول در این شرکت با دیگر مناطق و بر اساس معیار شاخص­های انرژی بود.
 
مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه در کشت گندم در شرکت کشت و صنعت مزارع نوین ایرانیان (استان گلستان) در چهار واحد به مساحت‌های 323، 59، 857 و 673 هکتار و به­ترتیب با نام گذاری مزارع A، B، C و D انجام گرفت. این واحدها بر اساس یکپارچگی مزرعه تقسیم بندی شده‌اند. کشت گندم در مزارع فوق به­صورت دیم بود. داده برداری مستقیم نهاده­ها و ستانده­ها در کلیه مراحل کشت صورت گرفت. شاخص­های انرژی برای جریان انرژی محاسبه گردید. 
 
یافته­ها: میانگین وزنی انرژی ورودی GJ.ha-1 7/31 برآورد شد. درحدود 60 درصد از کل انرژی به صورت غیر مستقیم (کود، بذر، سم و ماشین) و 40 درصد به صورت مستقیم (سوخت) وارد مزرعه شده است. میانگین وزنی عملکرد مزارع که به صورت دیم کاشته شده بودند kg.ha-1 2244 تعیین گردید. تراکم (شدت) انرژی در تولید گندمMJ.kg-1  12/14 (فقط دانه) برآورد شد. این اعداد در مقایسه با سایر کشت­های گندم بالا است که نشانگر مصرف غیرمتداول نهاده­ها برای کسب عملکرد بالا از مزارع دیم است. با تبدیل عملکرد دانه به انرژی (ستانده) نسبت انرژی خروجی به ورودی حدودMJ.MJ-1  04/1 محاسبه شد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: بر اساس بررسی مصرف نهاده­ها در مزارع مورد مطالعه، مصرف بهینه کود ازته و کاهش عملیات ماشینی می‌تواند باعث کاهش مصرف انرژی بدون کاهش عملکرد گردد. استفاده از کاه به­عنوان محصول جانبی باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Energy Input-Output in Wheat Crop Cultivation in Agro-industry Company of Mazare Novin Iranian (Agh Ghalla)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Maysami
  • Arman Jalali
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & Objective: Energy efficiency in wheat cultivation in agro-industry Company of Mazrae Novin Iranian (Agh Ghalla in Golestan province, Iran) was investigated. The aim was comparison of the wheat production method in this company, according to calculated energy efficiency indices, with reported values from other places.
 
Materials &Methods:The company has four units each with an area of 323, 59, 857 and 673 ha, namely A, B, C and D units, respectively. These units were categorised according to their location and farms integration. All farms were rain-fed. Energy efficiency indices were calculated according to direct culled data from each unit.
 
Results: The weighted average of energy input for farms was estimated to be 31.7 GJ.ha-1. Almost 60% of the energy input was indirect energy (in the form of fertilizers, seed, pesticides and machinery) and 40% was direct energy input from tractor fuel. The weighted average for grain yield in farms was 2244 kg.ha-1. The energy intensity of only grain production was 14.12 MJ.kg-1. This high energy intensity results from extra high inputs to achieve the mentioned high yield from rain-fed farms. By converting the grain yield to energy equivalent, the energy output/input ratio was about 1.04 MJ.MJ-1.
 
Conclusion: Optimisation of nitrogen fertiliser consumption and reduction of machinery operations make opportunities to reduce energy input in company's rain-fed farms without reducing the grain yield. The use of straw as the by-product should be considered by the company. 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agh Ghalla
  • Energy efficiency
  • Energy intensity
  • Rain-fed wheat
  • Yield
Alipour A, Afshar RK, Nejad MK, Behbahani AG, and Mohammadi V, 2014. Evaluation of Energy Flow in Irrigated Wheat Agro Ecosystems. A case study: Shahr-e-Rey City. Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 23, 59-69.
Almasi M, Kiani S, and Lvymy N, 2008. Basics of agricultural mechanization. Iran: Forest Publication, 248. (In Persian).
Canakci M, Topakci M, Akinci I and Ozmerzi A, 2005. Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: case study for Antalya region, Turkey. Energy Convers Manage 46: 655–66.
Fathi R, Amjadpor F, Kouchakzadeh A and Azizpanah A, 2018. The pattern and efficiency of energy use for wheat production by data envelopment analysis, case study: Chardavol Township, Ilam Province. Iranian Dryland Agronomy Journal, 7(1), 33-46. (In Persian).
HeydarGholinezhad Kenari M and Hasanzadeh Ghourt Tapeh A, 2003. The evaluation of energy balance of wheat under rainfed farming in Mazandaran province. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi, 16(58) 63-65.
Kazemi H, Alizadeh P and Nehbandani A, 2016. Assessing energy flow in rainfed and irrigated wheat fields of Shahrekourd Township under two tillage systems. Agroecology, 8(2), 281-295.
Kazemi H and Zare S, 2014. Investigation and comparison of energy flow in wheat fields of Gorgan and Marvdasht Townships. A Quarterly Journal Cereal Research. 4(3), 211-227. (In Persian).
Kızılaslan N, 2009. Energy use and input-output energy analysis for apple production in Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(2), 419-423.‏
Koga N, 2008. An energy balance under a conventional crop rotation system in northern Japan: Perspectives on fuel ethanol production from sugar beet. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 125(1-4), 101-110.
Maysami MA, 2014. Energy efficiency in dairy cattle farming and related feed production in Iran. Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät.
Maysami MA and Berg W, 2012. Principles of Energy Efficiency Studies Introduced by Scientific Standards. In Proceedings of 8th National Congress on Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Maysami MA, Ahabshirchi Y and Ranjbar I, 2007. Energy Consumption Pattern in Some Agricultural production by Efficiency Indices Investigation: Case Study in Bonab Township.  Proceedings of 5th National Congress on Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Mahajerdoost V, Akram A and Mashhouri Azar M, 2007. Estimating mechanization capacity for Maraghe Township. In Proceedings of 5th National Congress on Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Mohammadi S, Maysami MA, and Ajabshirchi Y, 2016. Energy consumption patterns of irrigated wheat production in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 3(2), 33-41. (In Persian).
Mohammadi A, Tabatabaeefar A, Shahin S, Rafiee S and Keyhani A, 2008. Energy use and economic analysis of potato production in Iran a case study: Ardabil province. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(12), 3566-3570.
Pervanchon F, Bockstaller C and Girardin P, 2002. Assessment of energy use in arable farming systems by means of an agro-ecological indicator: the energy indicator. Agricultural systems, 72(2), 149-172.
Tipi T, Çetin B and Vardar A, 2009. An analysis of energy use and input costs for wheat production in Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(2), 352-356.
Safa M, Mohtasebi SS and Lar M B, 2010. Energy Use in Wheat Production (A Case Study for Saveh, Iran). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 98-104.‏
Sartori L, Basso B, Bertocco M, Oliviero G, 2005. Energy use and economic evaluation of a three year crop rotation for conservation and organic farming in NE Italy. Biosystem Engineering. 91, 245–256.
Shahin S, Jafari H, Mobli S, Rafiee S and Karimi M, 2008. Effect of farm size on energy ratio for wheat production: a case study from Ardabil province of Iran. American Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environment Science 3(4): 604-608.
Singh S, Singh G, Singh P and Singh N, 2008. Effect of water stress at different stages of grain development on the characteristics of starch and protein of different wheat varieties. Food Chemistry, 108(1), 130-139 108(1): 130-139.
Singh G, 2006. Estimation of mechanization index and its impact on production and economic factors: A case study in India. Biosystems engineering, 93 (1): 99-106.
Singh JM, 2002. On farm energy use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India. Master of Science. International Institute of Management, University of Flensburg, Germany.
Yıldız T, 2016. An input-output energy analysis of wheat production in Çarșamba district of Samsun province. Gaziosmanpașa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(3), 10-20.
Yousefi M and Damghani AM, 2012. Evaluation of energy flow and indicators of chickpea under rainfed condition in Iran. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 1(2), 57-61.