کشت مخلوط خلر(Lathyrus sativus L.) و غلات زمستانه : ارزیابی بهره وری و برخی شاخص های کیفیت علوفه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه آموزشی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه آموزشی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی.

3 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 گروه علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

چکیده
 اهداف: این پژوهشبه منظور ارزیابی کمی و کیفی علوفه و تعیین بهترین الگوی کشت مخلوط خلر با برخی غلات زمستانه شامل جو، یولاف و تریتیکاله انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 13 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز در سالهای زرعی 1395 و 1396 اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل کشت های خالص خلر، جو، یولاف و تریتیکاله و کشت مخلوط خلر با هریک از غلات در سه الگوی کشت 25:100، 50:100 و 50:80 بود.
 
یافته ها: بهره وری سیستم کشت مخلوط بر اساس LER و شاخص های کیفی علوفه از قبیل میزان پروتئین خام (CP)، دیواره سلولی (NDF) و دیواره سلولی بدون همی سلولز (ADF)، میزان کل مواد قابل هضم علوفه (TDN) تحت تاثیر نوع کشت قرار گرفتند. به طوریکه، بیشترین مقدار این صفات به کشت خالص خلر تعلق داشت. همچنین، افزایش نسبت خلر در کشت مخلوط کیفیت علوفه تولیدی را بهبود بخشید.
 
نتیجه گیری:  بین تیمارهای مخلوط، ترکیب جو+ خلر و یولاف+ خلر (50:80) بیشترین کمیت و کیفیت علوفه را به خود اختصاص دادند. از طرفی، الگوهای کشت مذکور به ترتیب بیشترین LER (34/1 و 40/1) را نسبت به تیمارهای کشت خالص و مخلوط نشان دادند. بنابراین با استناد به نتایج این تحقیق می توان کشت مخلوط لگوم هایی با خصوصیات خلر و غلات دانه ریز زمستانه را با الگوی کشت %80 غله+ %50 خلر به عنوان یکی از سیستم های زراعی پایدار کارآمد از نظر تولید علوفه با کمیت و کیفیت بالا به کشاورزان مناطقی با اقلیم خشک و نیمه خشک توصیه نمود.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) -Cereal Intercropping: Evaluation of Productivity and Some Indices of Forage Quality

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Dehghanian 1
  • Morteza Barmaki 2
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohamadi Nasab 3
  • Jamal Seifdavati 4
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the quantity and quality of forage and to determine the best cultivation pattern of Grass Pea mixed with some winter cereals including barley, oats and triticale.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as randomized complete design with 13 treatments and three replications in the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Treatments included mono cropping of grass pea, barley, oat and triticale, and mixed grasspea cultivation with each cereal in three seeding ratios (grain: grass pea; 25: 100, 50: 100, and 500:80).
 
Results: The LER based mixing system productivity and forage quality indexes such as crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic fiber (ADF) content, total forage digestibility (TDN) and other qualitative traits were affected by the type of mixed culture. As such, most of these qualitative traits belonged to sole culture of grass pea. Increasing the proportion of grass pea in mixture intercrops improved forage quality.
 
Conclusion: Among of mixed treatments, two mixing patterns including 80% barley + 50% grass pea and 80% oats + 50% grass pea, had the highest quantity and quality of forage. Also, these cropping patterns showed the highest LER (1.34 and 1.40, respectively) compared to pure and other mixed cropping treatments. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the mixing of grass pea with winter cereals at the 80% cereal + 50% legume as one of the most efficient and sustainable cropping systems in terms of high quality and quantity forage production, Advised farmers in arid and semi-arid regions.       
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Productivity
  • Crude Protein
  • Cell Wall
  • Forage Digestibility
  • Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)
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