اثرکاشت خارج از فصل (تابستانه) بر عملکرد ومراحل فنولوژیک باقلا (Vicia faba L.) با استفاده از شاخص‌های نوری و حرارتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف کمّی­سازی تأثیر عوامل مدیریتی مانند انتخـاب تـاریخ کشـت تابستانه بر واحدهای تجمعـی حرارتـی، فنولـوژی و عملکـرد باقلا براساس تعداد روز و درجه روز- رشد تجمعی و معرفی مناسب­ترین ژنوتیپ­های سازگار با شرایط آب و هوایی مدیترانه­ای مناطق حاشیه دریای خزر به­اجرا درآمد.
 
موادوروش­ها: به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت خارج از فصل (تابستانه)بر تجمع واحدهای حرارتی، فنولوژی و عملکرد باقلا رقم لوزودی اوتونو (Luzde otono)، مطالعه­ای دو سـاله (1395-1394) در ایستگاه تحقیقـاتی کشاورزی قراخیل انجام شد. آزمایش مشتمل بر چهار تاریخ کشت تابستانه (اول مرداد، پانزدهم مرداد، اول شهریور و پانزدهم شهریور) در قالب طرح بلوک­ ­­های کامل تصادفی بـا سـه تکرار به­اجرا درآمد.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد، باقلا رقم لوزودی اوتونو در تاریخ کاشت دوم یعنی 15 مرداد با 9100 کیلوگرم دارای بیشترین عملکرد نیام سبز بوده که نسبت به آخرین تاریخ کاشت (15 شهریور) 124 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشته است. واحد هلیوترمال در سال 1394 (از 800/0 تا 320/1) نسبت به سال 1395 (از 576/0 تا 983/0) بیشتر بود. در تـاریخ کشــت 15 مرداد میــزان کارآیی مصرف هلیوترمال (320/1) نســبت بــه تــاریخ کشــت اول مرداد (020/1) افزایش یافت که دلیل این موضوع افزایش میانگین درجه حرارت هوا و تعداد ساعات آفتابی بود. همچنین از بین شاخص­های مورد بررسی، کـارآیی مصـرف حـرارت (HUE) و کـارآیی مصـرف ساعات آفتابی (RUE) نیاز حرارتی باقلا رقم لوزودی اوتونو را در مراحل متفاوت نموی به­خـوبی بـرآورد کـرده و به­دلیل دارا بودن روند ثابت و منطقی برتـری نسـبی بر سایر شاخص­هـا ماننـد درجه روز رشد (GDD) و شاخص فتوترمال (PTI) دارنـد.
نتیجه­گیری: براساس یافته­های این پژوهش، جهت جلوگیری از همزمانی دوره گلدهی و پر شدن دانه با تنش گرمایی، از کشت تابستانه باقلا رقم لوزودی اوتونو در ماه­های خرداد و تیر اجتناب و توصیه می­گردد که جهت حصول بالاترین عملکرد نیام سبز، کشت در اواخر مرداد انجام گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Off-Season (Summer) Planting Date on Phenology and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Using Thermal and Radiation Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramazan Sarparast 1
  • Abbas Alipour Nakhi 2
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of managerial factors such as summer planting date on Heat Summation Unit (HSU), phenology and faba bean yield based on number of days and Aggregation Growth Degree Day (AGDD) and to introduce the most suitable genotypes adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions in the Caspian sea was conducted.
 
Materials & Methods: In order to investigate effect off-season planting date (Summer) on phenology and yield of faba bean var. Luzde otono using accumulation of thermal units conducted at the Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station in 2014 and 2015. Treatment included four summer sowing dates (July 23, August 7, August 23, September 7) by experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications.
 
Results: The results showed that cultivar Luzde otono in the second planting date (August 7) with 9100 kg which has increased by 124% compared to the last planting date (September 7) had the highest yield (green pod). The unit of heliothermal was more in 2015 (from 0.800 to 1.320) compared to 2016 (from 0.576 to 0.983). On August 7, the efficiency of heliothermal consumption (1.320) increased compared to the first date of August 1 (1.200), which was due to the increase in average air temperature and the number of hours of sunshine. Also, among the studied indicators, the efficiency of heat consumption (HUE) and the efficiency of consumption of sunny hours (RUE) as well as estimated thermal requirement of faba bean Luzde otono cultivar in different cultivation dates and at different stages of development and in this direction, due to having a constant and logical trend, they have a relative superiority over other indicators such as GDD and PTI.
 
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, in order to prevent the coincidence of flowering period and seed filling with heat stress, The summer cultivation of faba bean Luzde otono cultivar has been avoided in June and July and recommended in order to obtain the highest yield (green pod) that cultivation be done in late August.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Green Pod
  • Growth Degree Day
  • Helio Thermal Unit
  • Planting date
  • Summer

مراجع

Ahmad T, Hafeez FY, Mahmood T and Malik KA. 2008. Residual effect of nitrogen fixed by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) on subsequent rice (Oryza sativaL.) and wheat (Triticum astivum L.) crops. Australian Journal Experimental Agricultural, 41: 245–248.
Aiken RM. 2005. Applying thermal time scale to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) development. Agronomy Journal, 97: 746-754.
Amgain LP. 2011. Accumulated heat unit and phenology of diverse maize (Zea mays L.) varieties as affected by planting dates under Rampur condition, Nepal. AgronomyJournalofNepal,2: 111-120.
Anonymous. 2015. Products crop and garden. Office Statistics and Information Technology. Ministry of Jahad Agriculture. No 1. Pp. 251. (In Persian).
Caliskan S, Arslan ME and Arioglu H. 2008. Effects of sowing date and growth duration on growth and yield ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a Mediterranean-type environment in Turkey. Field Crops Research, 105: 131-140.
Degwy IS, Glelah AA, El-Galaly A and Marwa K. 2010. Performance of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars as influenced by sowing date and broomrape control. Journal of Agricultural Research, 36: 292-313.
Dobermann A, Arkerbauere T, Drijber R and Lindquist J. 2003. Understanding corn Yield potential in different environ mends. Annual Report  to the Fluid Fertilizer Fondating on grant “Yield Potential and optimal soil product in irrigated corn systems of the north centre USA”. Pp.1-18
Egli DB and Bruening WP. 2000. Potential of early maturing soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in late plantings. Agronomy Journal, 92: 532–537.
Ellis RH, Summerfeld RJ and Roberts EH. 1990. Flowering in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.): Genotypic Differences in Photoperiod Sensitivity, Similarities in Temperature Sensitivity, and Implications for Screening Germplasm, Annals Botanical, 65: 129-138.
Faraji A. 2006. Effect of planting date and yield and seed yield components of four canola (Brassica campestris L.) genotypes in Gonbad. Journal Seed and Plant Production, 7(3): 189-201. (In Persian).
Fouad M, Mohammed N, Aladdin H, Ahmed A, Xuxiao Z, Shiying B and Tao Y. 2013. Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). In: Singh, M, Upadhyaya HD, Bisht IS. (Eds.), Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement. Elsevier, Inc., London, Pp. 113-136.
Gilmore EJ and Regres JS. 1993. Heat unit as method of measuring maturity in corn (Zea mays L.). Agronomy Journal, 50: 611-615.
Grijesh GK, Kumara Swamy AS, Sridhara S, Dinish Kumar M, Vageesh TS and Nataraju SP. 2011. Heat use efficiency and helio thermal units of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes as influenced by date of sowing under Southern transitional zone of Karanatak state. International Journal of Science and Nature,2(3): 529-533.
Harris D, Pathan AK, Gothkar P, Joshi A, Chivasa W and Nyamudeze P. 2001. On-farm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural Systems, 69:151-164.
Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Andersen MK, Jqrnsgaard B and Jensen ES. 2006. Density and relative frequency effects on competitive interactions and resource use in pea (Pisum sativum L.) –barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) intercrops. Field Crops Research, 95: 256–267.
Hayat R, Ali S, Siddique MT and Chatha TH. 2008. Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Pakistan Journal Botanical, 40(2): 711–722.
Heggenstaller AH, Anex RP, Liebman M, Sundberg DN and Gibson LR. 2009. Productivity and nutrient dynamics in bioenergy double-cropping systems. Agronomy Journal, 100: 1740-1748.
Khadem Hamza H, Karimi RM, Rezai A and Ahmadi M. 2005. Effect of plant density and sowing date on agronomic traits, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(3): 357-367. (In Persian).
Khanjani M, Mahmoodi S and Hmial-Ahmadi M. 2010. The effect of density and relative timing of Datura (Datura stramonium L.) weed emergence. Journal of Crop Physiology. Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, 7: 13-27. (In Persian).
Khoshhal J and Baratiyan A. 2010. Estimation of thermal requirements of phenological phases of autumn rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) cultivars (Okapi SLM046) in cold climatic conditions of Iran, case study Shahrekord. Natural Geography Research, 70: 35-44. (In Persian).
Kianbakht M, Zinali A, Siahmargui A, Sheikh F and Pouri M. 2014. Determination of the best planting date for three bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.). cultivars in Gorgan. First International Congress of Seeds and 13th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Karaj, Iran. Pp. 54-64. (In Persian) 
Lebaschy MH. 1991. Role of radiation and leaf area in dry matter production of plants. Journal of Research and Construction, 13: 26-33. (In Persian).
Martini MY, McKenzie BA, Moot DJ and Hill GD. 2012. Dry matter accumulation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) sown at different sowing date in Canterbury. Agronomy New Zealand, 42: 43-51.
 McDonald G.K, Adisarwanto T and Knight R. 1994. Effect of time of sowing on flowering in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 34(3): 395–400.
Miller HE, Rigelhof F, Marquart L, Prakash A and Kanter M. 2000. Whole-grain products and antioxidants. Cereal Foods World, 45: 59–63.
 Naruirad MR, Agaie MJ, Fanaei HR and Mohammad Qasemi M. 2009. Genetic variation of some morphological and phenological traits of lentil masses in hot and dry regions. Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture, 87: 173-186. (In Persian). 
Nielsen RL, Thomison PR, Brown GA, Halter A L, Wells J and Wuethrich KL. 2002. Delayed planting effects on flowering and grain maturation of dentcorn. Agronomy Journal, 94: 549-558.
Okpara DA. 1999. Response of african yambean to sowing date and plant density. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 1(2): 191-197.
Oplinger ES, Putnam D H, Doll JD and Combs SM. 2000.Faba bean, Alternative field crops manual, http://W.W.W.hort.Purdue.edu /newcrop/afcm/fababean.html.
Parthasarathi T, Velu Gand Jeyakumar P. 2013. Impact of crop heat units on growth and developmental physiology of future crop production: A review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology,2: 2319–3395.
Purcell LC, Rosalind AB, Reaper DJ and Vories Ed. 2002. Radiation use efficiency and biomass production in soybean (Glycine max L.) at different plant population densities. Journal of Crop Science. 42: 172-177.
Ram H, Singh G, Mavi G  and Sohu B. 2012. Accumulated heat unit requirement and yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under different crop growing environment in central Punjab. Journal ofAgrometeorology,14: 147-153.
Rao VUM, Singh D  and Singh R. 2003. Heat use efficiency of winter crop in Haryana. Journal ofAgroMeteorology, 1(2): 143-148.
SadeghiPour A, Ghafari Khaliq H and Monem R. 2005. Effect of plant density on yield and yield components of limited and unlimited growth cultivars in red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1):149-156. (In Persian).
Salehi M, Akbari R and Khorshidi benam MB. 2008. Investigation of yield response and seed yield components of red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 43(1): 105-115. (In Persian).
Sarparast R and  Norozi S. 2015. Histal,with high yield and  suitable planting Cultivar In temperate zones and Mediterranean northern of Iran. The first International Conference on “Healthy Agriculture, Nutrition and Community (ICANC 2015). Tehran, Iran.Pp. 215-225. (In Persian).
Saxena NP. 1984. Physiology of Tropical Field Crop. Chickpea. Pp. 419 – 452. In: P. R. Goldsworthy and N. M. Fisher (eds). John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Singh MP, Lallu KR and Sign NB. 2014. Thermal requirement of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) at different phonological stages under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology,19(3): 238-243.
Sreenivas G, Devender Reddy M and Raji Reddy D. 2010. Agro-meteorological indices in relation to phenology of aerobic rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Journal of Agrometeorology, 12(2): 241-244
Stutzel H. 1995. A simple model for simulation of growth and development in faba beans (Vicia faba L.): I. Model description. European  Journal Agronomy, 4:175–185.
Vaezirad S, Shekari F, Shirani Rad AH and Zangani A. 2008. Effect of water deficit stress at different growth stages on yield and yield components of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). cultivars. Modern Agricultural Knowledge, 4(10): 86-94. (In Persian). 
Vural h, esiyok D and Duman I. 2000. Kultur Sebzeleri. PhD. Thesis Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Yayini, Izmir, Turkey (Tr).
Worthington CM, Hutchinson and CM. 2005. Accumulated growing degree days as a model to determine key developmental stages and evaluate yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Northeast Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118: 98-101.
Yasari T, Shahsavari MR, Barzegar AB and Omidi AH. 2005. Study of developmental stages and their relationship with seed yield of advanced sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotype. Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture, 68: 75-83. (In Persian). 
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 30، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 127-142

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار