تأثیر گیاهان پوششی بر عملکرد و کنترل علف‌های هرز کاهو‌ی آیسبرگ (Lactuca sativa var. Ice berg)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک و فیزیولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی استاک بریج، دانشگاه ماساچوست ، ماساچوست، آمریکا

چکیده

اهداف: گیاهان پوششی یکی از روش­های جایگزین در راستای کاهش استفاده از نهاده­های شیمیایی به منظور کنترل علف­های هرز است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی قابلیت مهار علف­های هرز توسط گیاهان پوششی به­صورت تک­کشتی و کشت­های مخلوط دوگانه و سه­گانه وهمچنین تأثیر آن­ها بر عملکرد کاهوی آیسبرگ (Lactuca sativa var. Ice berg) بود.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایشی مزرعه­ای در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه ­تکرار، در سال 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کشت گیاهان پوششی جو (Hordum vulgare L.)، سان­همپ (Cartalaria juncea) و گندم سیاه (Fagopyrum esculentum) به­صورت تک­کشتی (100درصد بذر توصیه شده) و کشت مخلوط دوگانه و سه­گانه (به­ترتیب 50 و 3/33 درصد بذر توصیه شده) بود.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین زیست­توده خشک گیاهان پوششی از تیمارهای تک­کشتی جو و کشت مخلوط آن با سان­همپ (به­ترتیب 25/1323 و 14/1247 گرم در متر مربع) به­دست آمد. کمترین زیست­توده خشک کل علف­های هرز نیز مربوط به تیمار کشت مخلوط سان­همپ+ گندم سیاه (75/115 گرم در متر مربع) بود. همچنین بالاترین میزان عملکرد تر کاهو مربوط به تیمار کشت مخلوط جو+ گندم سیاه+ سان­همپ (7207 گرم در متر مربع) بود. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که  کشت­های مخلوط دوگانه و سه­گانه­ در مقایسه با تک­کشتی و تیمار شاهد کنترل مؤثرتری بر روی علف­های هرز سلمه­تره، کنگروحشی، تاج خروس و خردل­وحشی داشت.
 
نتیجه­گیری: از نتایج چنین استنباط می­گردد گیاهان پوششی در کشت­های مخلوط دوگانه و سه­گانه براساس زیست­توده علف­های هرز به­دست آمده توانایی بیشتری در کنترل علف­های هرز دارند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Cover Crops on Yield and Weeds Control of Lettuce Icebergs (Lactuca sativa var. Ice berg)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Gudarzi 1
  • Ali Ebadi 1
  • Fathemeh Ahmadnia 2
  • Masoud Hashemi 3
  • Soghra Ghahramani 2
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: Cover crops are one of the alternative methods to reduce chemical inputs to control weeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of weed control by cover crops in monoculture and dual and triple intercropping as well as their effect on iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Ice berg) yield.
 
Methods & Materials: A field experiment in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2017 in the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Experimental treatments include cultivation of barley cover crops (Hordum vulgare L.), sunnhemp (Cartalaria juncea) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) as monoculture (100% of recommended seeds) and dual and triple intercropping (50 and 33.3% of the recommended seeds, respectively).
 
Results: The results showed that the highest biomass of cover crops was obtained from barley monoculture treatments and it’s intercropping with sunnhemp (1323.25 and 1247.14 g.m-2, respectively). The lowest weeds biomass (115.75 g.m-2) was belonged to sunnhemp + buckwheat. The highest lettuce fresh yield (7207 g.m-2) was obtained from barley + buckwheat + sunnhemp. The results of this experiment showed that double and triple intercropping of barley, sunnhemp and buckwheat compared to monoculture and control treatment had more effective control over Chenopodium album, Circium arvense, Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis.
 
Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that cover crops in double and triple intercropping based on the obtained weed biomass have a better ability to control weeds.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Buckwheat
  • Cover Crops
  • Residues
  • Sunnhemp
  • Weeds control
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