توان رشد و گیاه‌پالایی پونه آبی(Mentha aquatica) ، زولنگ (Eryngium caucasicum) و اناریجه (Froriepia subpinnata) در خاک آلوده به سرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازندران، ایران

2 ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت، واﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬﺮ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬﺮ، مازندران، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: گیاه‌پالایی یکی از بوم‌سازگارترین و ارزان‌ترین روش‌های پاکسازی آلاینده‌های سمی خاک مانند سرب است. انتخاب گیاهان دارویی تولید کننده اسانس در چنین شرایطی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. لذا به منظور بررسی پتانسیل سه گیاهان بومی و دارویی پونه آبی (Mentha aquatica L.)، زولنگ (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) و اناریجه (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.) برای گیاه‌پالایی سرب، سه آزمایش جداگانه طراحی شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشات به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی (CRD) با 4 تکرار در سال 1396 در گلخانه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. سطوح سرب شامل صفر (شاهد)، 125، 250، 375 و 500 میلی‌گرم سرب در کیلوگرم خاک از منبع نیترات سرب بود. وزن خشک شاخساره و ریشه، غلظت سرب در شاخساره و ریشه، شاخص تحمل، فاکتور انتقال، فاکتور تجمع زیستی شاخساره و ریشه و جذب سرب در شاخساره محاسبه شد.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش غلظت سرب باعث کاهش زیست توده در هر سه گیاه شد، در حالی که هر سه گیاه سرب را در ریشه و شاخساره انتقال دادند. غلظت فلز سرب در ریشه پونه آبی بیشتر از شاخساره بود. همچنین پونه آبی با فاکتور تجمع زیستی ریشه بالاتر از یک و فاکتور انتقال پایین‌تر از یک می‌تواند برای تثبیت فلز سنگین سرب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در اناریجه فاکتور تجمع زیستی شاخساره و فاکتور انتقال بالاتر از یک بود که نشان‌ می‌دهد اناریجه می‌تواند برای استخراج سرب استفاده شود. زولنگ بیشترین جذب سرب در شاخساره (24/0 میلی‌گرم سرب در گلدان) را به خود اختصاص داد.
 
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد جذب و انتقال سرب به گونه، تولید زیست توده و غلظت سرب خاک بستگی دارد و هر سه گیاه مورد مطالعه در خاک آلوده به سرب توانایی گیاه‌پالایی دارند؛ در حالی که زولنگ بر اساس مقدار بیشتر جذب سرب در شاخساره به دلیل وزن خشک شاخساره بیشتر نسبت به اناریجه توانایی بالاتری جهت استخراج گیاهی نشان داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth Ability and Phytoremediation of Water Mint (Mentha aquatica), Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum) and Froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata) in Soil Contaminated with Lead

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Hassanpour 1
  • Faezeh Zafarian 1
  • Mohammad Rezvani 2
  • Behi Jalili 3
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Phytoremediation is one of the most eco-friendly and inexpensive methods that can be used to clean toxic soil pollutants such as lead (Pb). The choice of medicinal and aromatic plants under such conditions has received much attention. In order to study the potential of lead phytoremediation by three native and medicinal plants of water mint (Mentha aquatica L.), eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) and froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.), three separate experiments were designed.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed in the greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2017, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The levels of lead were included 0 (control), 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg Pb.kg-1 soil from source of lead nitrate. Shoot and root dry weight, lead concentration in shoot and root, tolerance index, transfer factor, bioaccumulation factor, bioconcentration factor and lead uptake in shoot were calculated.
 
Results: Results showed that biomass decreased in all three plants by increasing lead concentration; while, all three plants transferred lead to shoot and root. Concentrations of lead in the root of water mint were higher than shoot. Also, water mint with a bioconcentration factor higher than one and a transfer factor lower than one can be used to phytostabilization of lead heavy metal. In froriepia the bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor was higher than one, indicating that it could be used for phytoextraction of lead. Eryngo had the highest lead uptake in shoot (0.24 mg of lead in pot).
 
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that lead uptake and transport depend on species, biomass production and soil lead concentration, and all three plants in lead contaminated soil have phytoremediation ability; while, eryngo showed a higher ability to phytoextraction based on higher amount of lead uptake in shoot due to higher shoot dry weight than froriepia.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Native Plant
  • Phytoextraction
  • Phytoremediation
  • Phytostabilization
  • Soil Pollutant
  • Transfer Factor
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