شناسایی ارقام مناسب یونجه برای شرایط کم آبیاری در دشت تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک وآب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

4 بخش ذرت و گیاهان علوفه ای، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی ارقام امیدبخش یونجه از نظر تحمل به تنش کم‌آبی و شناسایی متحمل‌ترین و برترین ارقام برای شرای تنش خشکی انجام یافت.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی شده با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی طی سه سال زراعی (از1395 تا 1398) اجرا گردید. در کرت‌های اصلی فاکتور آبیاری در سه سطح - در سطح اول آبیاری فقط تا پایان چین اول برداشت علوفه، در سطح دوم آبیاری تا پایان چین دوم و در سطح سوم آبیاری تا پایان چین سوم (آبیاری کامل) - صورت پذیرفت. فاکتور دوم شش رقم و اکوتیپ یونجه بودند.
 
یافته‌ها: اثر سطوح آبیاری برای تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار شد. عملکرد علوفه تر و ماده خشک ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی تحت تاثیر سطوح آبیاری، به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. تنش آبی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع بوته در سطح اول و دوم آبیاری گردید به طوری که ارتفاع بوته در سطح اول و دوم نسبت به سطح سوم (آبیاری کامل) به ترتیب 23 و 17 درصد کاهش یافت. تعداد ساقه در سطح اول و دوم آبیاری نسبت به سطح سوم (آبیاری کامل) به ترتیب 34 و 30 درصد کاهش یافت.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر عملکرد ماده خشک مشابه عملکرد علوفه تر بود. در مجموع ارقام سنتتیک و آذر و اکوتیپ ورزقان مناسب ترین ارقام برای شرایط کم آبیاری تشخیص داده شدند و برای کشت در شرایط کم‌ابیاری در دشت تبریز مناسب هستند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Suitable Alfalfa Cultivars for Deficit Irrigation Conditions in Tabriz Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Moniri far 1
  • Parisa Moradian 2
  • Rasoul Ahmadi 3
  • Ali Moghaddam 4
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The goal of study was to evaluate promising alfalfa cultivars for drought stress and identify the most tolerant and superior cultivars for drought stress.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during three cropping seasons (2016-19). In the main plots, the irrigation factor was applied at three levels - at the first irrigation level only to the end of the first harvest, at the second level irrigation until the end of the second harvest, and at the third level irrigation until the end of the third harvest (complete irrigation). The second factor was six cultivars and alfalfa ecotypes.
 
Results: The effect of irrigation levels was significant for all measured traits. The fresh and dry matter yields of the studied genotypes were affected by irrigation levels and decreased significantly. Water stress significantly reduced plant height at first and second levels of irrigation 23% and 17%, respectively. Water stress, also significantly reduced the number of stems at the first and second levels of irrigation 34% and 30%, respectively.
 
Conclusion: The responses of genotypes for dry matter yield were similar as fresh forage yield. In conclusion, synthetic and Azar cultivars and Varzghan ecotype were the most suitable cultivars for deficit irrigation conditions and are suitable for cultivation in low irrigation conditions in Tabriz plain.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • Azar
  • Drought Stress
  • Full Irrigation
  • Synthetic
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