ارزیابی و مقایسه پایداری کشت‌بوم‌های پاییزه و بهاره سیب‌زمینی با استفاده از تحلیل انرژی (مطالعه موردی: استان گلستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی پایداری نظام­های زراعی پاییزه و بهاره سیب­زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه، در استان گلستان در سال زراعی 97-1396 و توسط پرسشنامه انجام شد. 120 مزرعه پاییزه و 60 مزرعه بهاره به روش تصادفی طبقه­ای انتخاب شدند. پس از تعیین ورودی­ها و خروجی مزارع و معادل انرژی آنها، شاخص­های انرژی ارزیابی شد.
 
یافته­ها: بیشترین سهم از انرژی ورودی کل در نظام­های زراعی پاییزه و بهاره، به ترتیب سوخت فسیلی به میزان 26/30 و کود‌های شیمیایی به میزان 04/29 درصد بود. در نظام­های زراعی پاییزه و بهاره به ترتیب، کارایی مصرف انرژی 85/1 و 30/1، بهره­وری انرژی 51/0 و 36/0 کیلوگرم در مگاژول، انرژی ویژه 95/1 و 76/2 مگاژول در کیلوگرم، انرژی خالص 16/52135 و 42/16125 مگاژول در هکتار، شاخص مکانیزاسیون 96/0 و 94/0، انرژی ورودی کل 83/61384 و 59/53234 مگاژول در هکتار و انرژی خروجی کل 99/113519 و 01/69360 مگاژول در هکتار بود.
 
نتیجه­گیری: کارایی و پایداری نظام زراعی پاییزه بیشتر از بهاره در تولید سیب­زمینی در استان گلستان بود. در هر دو نظام زراعی، سهم انرژی‌های غیر‌مستقیم، تجدید­ناپذیر و تجاری، بیشتر از انرژی­های مستقیم، تجدید­پذیر و غیر­تجاری بود. اجرای راهکار­های توصیه شده برای مدیریت بهینه کشت­بوم­ها مانند روشهای خاک­ورزی حفاظتی، نوسازی ماشین­آلات و مصرف کود دامی، در کاهش سهم انرژی­های تجدید­ناپذیر و تجاری و افزایش سلامت محیط زیست و نیز بهره­وری انرژی موثر است.
 
       
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating and Comparing the Sustainability of Autumn and Spring Potato Agroecosystems Using Energy Analysis (Case Study: Golestan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Shahhoseini 1
  • Mahmoud Ramroudi 1
  • Hossein Kazemi 2
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Study was conducted to evaluate the sustainability of the two autumn and spring potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) farming ecosystems.
 
Methods and Materials: The study was conducted by questionnaire in Golestan Province during the period of 2017-2018. 120 autumn farms and 60 spring farms were selected by stratified random sampling method. After determining inputs and output and their energy equivalent, the energy indices were determined.
 
Results: Fossil fuels and fertilizers were the largest energy inputs of the total in autumn and spring potato farming ecosystems with share of 30.26% and 29.04%, respectively. In autumn and spring potato farming ecosystems, energy use efficiency indices were 1.85 and 1.30; energy productivity indices were 0.51 and 0.36 kg MJ-1; specific energy indices were 1.95 and 2.76 MJ kg-1; net energy indices were 52135.16 and 16125.42 MJ ha-1; mechanization indices were 0.96 and 0.94; total energy inputs were 61384.83 and 53234.59 MJ ha-1 and total energy outputs were 113519.99 and 69360.01 MJ ha-1, respectively.
 
Conclusion: The efficiency and the sustainability of the autumn farming ecosystem were higher than the spring in terms of potato production in Golestan Province. In autumn and spring farming ecosystems, the share of indirect, nonrenewable and commercial energy were greater than that of direct, renewable and noncommercial energy. It is useful to implement recommended guidelines for optimal management of inputs such as conservation tillage, modernization of machinery and consumption of manure, it reduces the share of nonrenewable and commercial energy and increases environmental health and energy efficiency.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Net Energy
  • Energy productivity
  • Energy use efficiency
  • Fertilizers and Fossil fuel
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