بررسی کارایی مصرف آب، بهره‌وری انرژی، اقتصادی و عملکرد سیستم‏‏های مختلف کشت گندم- ذرت در شمال خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

2 گروه ماشین‏های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

اهداف: در این مطالعه تأثیر مدیریت بقایا، روش­های آبیاری، خاک­ورزی و الگوی کاشت در سیستم‏های کشت روی برخی از جنبه‏های مهم تناوب رایج گندم-ذرت در استان خوزستان بررسی گردید.
 
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت استریپ بلوک اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید. کرت‏های اصلی این طرح به مدیریت بقایا، کرت‌‏های فرعی به روش­های ‏‏آبیاری و در کرت‏های فرعی فرعی، خاک‏ورزی و الگوی کاشت به صورت فاکتوریل اختصاص یافت.
 
یافته‏ها: حفظ کامل بقایا در دو روش آبباری غرقابی و بارانی طور متوسط باعث افزایش 4/0 و 18/0 کیلوگرم دانه بر متر مکعب آب مصرفی نسبت به تیمارهای بدون بقایا بود. در سیستم‏‏های دارای کشت حفاظتی با بقایای کامل ‏کم‏خاک‏ورزی و ‏بی‏خاک‏ورزی، عملکرد تغییرات معنی­داری نسب به سیستم‏های متداول نداشت اما باعث ارتقاء کارایی مصرف آب، بهره­وری انرژِی و اقتصادی شد. بالاترین ‏‏نسبت سود به هزینه در سیستم وجود کامل بقایا- ‏‏آبیاری ‏‏قطره‏ای-خاک‏ورزی متداول-کشت روی پشته با نسبت 72/1 رخ داد. کمترین انرژی ورودی مربوط به سیستم وجود کامل بقایا- ‏‏آبیاری ‏‏قطره‏ای- ‏بی‏خاک‏ورزی-کشت روی پشته  با 76635 مگاژول برهکتار در بود در عین حال بالاترین بهره‏وری انرژی را با 210/0 کیلوگرم برمگاژول دارا بود، همچنین در این سیستم حفاطتی نسبت سود به هزینه 62/1 به­دست آمد.
 
نتیجه گیری: حرکت به سمت اتخاذ روش‏های کشاورزی حفاطتی از جمله حفظ بقایا، کاهش خاک‏ورزی، کشت روی پشته‏های دائم و استفاده از روش­های ‏‏آبیاری با راندمان بالا، تولید پایدار را به دنبال دارد. با توجه نتایج این پژوهش ضمن تایید کارآمدی، به کارگیری سیستم‏های کشت حفاظتی توصیه ‏می‏گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Water Use Efficiency, Energy Productivity, Economic and Yield under Different Wheat-Maize Cropping System in the North of Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eisa Bougari 1
  • Mohammad Amin Asoodar 2
  • Afshin Marzban 2
  • Navab Kazemi 2
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In this study, effects of residue management, irrigation methods, tillage systems and planting methods on some important aspects of common wheat-maize rotation in Khuzestan province was investigated.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as strip-block split factorial on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Residue management considered as main plots, irrigation methods as subplots and factorial combination of tillage systems and planting methods as sub subplots.
 
Results: Retaining residue on surface in flood and drip tape irrigation systems increased maize harvested about 0.4 and 0.18 kg per each m3 of applied water, respectively. In conservation tillage practices, reduced tillage and no-tillage with residue on surface had no significant effects on wheat and maize yields compared to conventional tillage, but improved water use efficiency, energy productivity and economic indices. The highest benefit to cost ratio (BCR) was obtained as 1.72 from drip tape irrigation-with total residue-conventional tillage- ridge bed planting treatment. The lowest input energy (76635 MJ.ha-1) and the highest energy productivity (0.210 kg.MJ-1) was belonged to drip tape irrigation-with total residue-no tillage- ridge bed planting treatment, Also BCR in this conservation system was obtained 1.62.
 
Conclusion: Moving towards adoption  of agricultural conservation techniques such as retain residue, reduce tillage, planting on permanent ridge bed and use high efficiency irrigation methods would result in a sustainable production. According to the results of this research, the use of conservation tillage systems are recommended.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benefit to Cost Ratio
  • Conservation Agriculture
  • Drip Tape Irrigation
  • Energy Productivity
  • Water Use Efficiency
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